Outcome of creating clustering nursing care and healing environment on premature infants' behavioural outcomes.

We conducted a quasi-experimental study in two neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) from January to July 2021, focusing on the effects of clustering nursing care and creating a healing environment on premature infants' behavioural outcomes. The study included 106 infants, with 53 in both the study and control groups. Significant improvements were observed in organisation state/sleep and responsiveness/interaction domains in the study group, along with shorter hospital stays and greater weight gain on discharge. These findings highlight the positive impact of targeted interventions on premature infants' developmental outcomes, emphasising the need for comprehensive care strategies in NICU settings.

Periodic open and closed resonators as a biosensor using two computational methods.

The volatile particles and molecules in our dry exhaled breath can reveal enormous information about the health of any person, such as the person's respiratory and metabolic functioning. Beyond the carbon dioxide level is an indicator of life, it provides important health-related data like people's metabolic rate. This study considers periodic open and closed resonators for measuring carbon dioxide concentration in dry exhaled breath. Transfer matrix and green methods are used to simulate the interaction between acoustic waves and the proposed sensor. The band gaps using the green method coincide with the transmittance spectra by the transfer matrix. The suggested sensor recorded a sensitivity of 5.3 H z . m - 1 . s , a figure of merit of 10,254 m - 1 . s , a detection limit of 5 × 10 - 6 m . s - 1 , and a quality factor of 3 × 10 6 . Furthermore, the efficiency shows that the proposed design is appropriate as a diagnostic sensor for different diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary. Besides, cylindrical-adapted sensors are urgently needed in medicine, industry, and biology because they can simultaneously be used for fluid transport and detection.

Impact of On-the-Job Training on Nurses' Performance in Creating a Healing Environment and Clustered Nursing Care for Premature.

Introduction: Premature infants require specialized care, and nurses need to have specific skills and knowledge to provide this care effectively. Objective: To evaluate the impact of an on-the-job training program on the improvement of nurses' knowledge and practice related to creation of a healing environment and clustering nursing procedures. Methods: From January to April 2022, a study utilizing a one-group pre- and post-test design was conducted at NICUs in governmental hospitals. The study participants involved 80 nurses working in these NICUs. Researchers used predesigned questionnaire and checklist practice to collect the data pre and post the intervention. Results: 37.5% of the participants were aged between 25 and less than 30 years, with a mean age of 28.99 ± 7.43 years. Additionally, 73.7% of the nurses were female, with a mean experience of 9.45 ± 3.87 years. Prior to the intervention, the study found that a majority of the nurses (62.4%) demonstrated poor knowledge. However, after the intervention, a significant improvement was observed, with 60.0% of the nurses demonstrated good knowledge. Likewise, prior to the intervention, the study revealed that the majority of the nurses (83.8%) exhibited incompetent practice. However, post-intervention, a substantial improvement was observed, with 81.3% of the nurses demonstrated competent practice. Conclusion: On-the-job training had significant improvements in nurses' knowledge and practices regarding applying healing environments and clustering nursing care. On-the-job training is suggested as an adaptable, effective and low-cost technique to train nurses. To maintain the improvement achieved, ongoing instruction, feedback, assessment/reassessment, and monitoring are encouraged.

Are pediatric nurses prepared to respond to monkeypox outbreak?

BACKGROUND: Emphasizing the crucial significance of maintaining a national nursing workforce well-prepared with the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities to respond effectively is the growing frequency of natural and environmental disasters, coupled with public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. So, the study aimed to explore pediatric nurses' preparedness to monkeypox outbreak, and their stress during this outbreak in Egypt. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a 416 nurses direct care for children at selected governmental hospitals in Egypt. Demographic form, Questionnaire for Infectious Disease Outbreak Readiness & Preparedness, factors affecting nurses' preparedness, and the generalized anxiety disorders scale-7 were the tools of the study. RESULTS: (81.5%) of studied nurses had unsatisfactory level of preparedness to monkeypox outbreak. (96.4%) and (95.4%) of them were affected their preparedness by high workload and inconsistent income with the of risk of infection factors. Also, (57.2%) of them had high stress level. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed the importance of ensuring adequate supplies of PPE are available and provided, and protocols must be implemented to ensure availability in case of an outbreak. Moreover, nurse staffing levels and workload distribution should be regularly reviewed to create reasonable nurse-patient ratios.

Nursing Professional Commitment as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Work Environment and Missed Nursing Care Among Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Introduction: Nursing care plays a pivotal role in promoting patient well-being and optimizing health outcomes. The nursing profession is characterized by its commitment to delivering high-quality care to patients. Objective: The purpose of the study was to explore the role of nursing professional commitment as a mediator between the work environment and missed nursing care. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis study "STROBE guideline" used an online structured questionnaire to collect data. It was conducted on a sample of 813 nurses who worked at seven governmental hospitals in Egypt, in the hospital wards, operating rooms, intensive care unit (ICU) or outpatient clinics, during a 4-month period from April to August 2022. Researchers used Characteristics of nurses, Nursing Work Index-Revised, Nursing Professional Commitment Scale, and MISSCARE Questionnaire to collect the data. Structural equation modeling by AMOS was used for testing nursing professional commitment as a mediator between the work environment and missed nursing care. Nurses' professional commitment was used as a mediator between work environment and missing nursing care. Results: The working environment has a direct impact of -0.175, an indirect impact of -0.139, and a total impact of -0.314. Furthermore, professional commitment has a direct impact of -0.421. Additionally, when the working environment increases by 1, professional commitment increases by 0.33. Similarly, when the working environment increases by 1, missed care decreases by 0.175. Moreover, when professional commitment, as a mediating factor, increases by 1, missed care decreases by 0.421. Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings of this study highlight the significant role of professional commitment as an intermediary factor between the working environment and missed nursing care. According to these results, it is necessary to formulate and implement intervention strategies to improve nurses' professional commitment and working environment, which is the key to reducing their missed nursing care.

Theoretical optimisation of a novel gas sensor using periodically closed resonators.

This study investigates using the phononic crystal with periodically closed resonators as a greenhouse gas sensor. The transfer matrix and green methods are used to investigate the dispersion relation theoretically and numerically. A linear acoustic design is proposed, and the waveguides are filled with gas samples. At the center of the structure, a defect resonator is used to excite an acoustic resonant peak inside the phononic bandgap. The localized acoustic peak is shifted to higher frequencies by increasing the acoustic speed and decreasing the density of gas samples. The sensitivity, transmittance of the resonant peak, bandwidth, and figure of merit are calculated at different geometrical conditions to select the optimum dimensions. The proposed closed resonator gas sensor records a sensitivity of 4.1 Hz m-1 s, a figure of merit of 332 m-1 s, a quality factor of 113,962, and a detection limit of 0.0003 m s-1. As a result of its high performance and simplicity, the proposed design can significantly contribute to gas sensors and bio-sensing applications.

Complex dynamics of induced vortex formation and thermal-fluid coupling in tri-hybrid nanofluid under localized magnetic field: a novel study.

Hybrid nanofluids offer higher stability, synergistic effects, and better heat transfer compared to simple nanofluids. Their higher thermal conductivity, lower viscosity, and interaction with magnetic fields make them ideal for various applications, including materials science, transportation, medical technology, energy, and fundamental physics. The governing partial differential equations are numerically solved by employing a finite volume approach, and the effects of various parameters on the nanofluid flow and thermal characteristics are systematically examined from the simulations based on a self-developed MATLAB code. The parameters included magnetic field strength, the Reynolds number, the nanoparticle volume fraction, and the number and position of the strips in which the magnetic field is localized. It has been noted that the magnetized field induces the spinning of the tri-hybrid nanoparticles, which generates the intricate structure of vortices in the flow. The local skin friction (CfRe) and the Nusselt number (Nu) increase significantly when the magnetic field is intensified. Moreover, adding more nanoparticles in the flow enhances both Nu and CfRe, but with different effects for different nanoparticles. Silver (Ag) shows the highest increase in both Nu (52%) and CfRe (110%), indicating strong thermal-fluid coupling. Alumina (Al2O3) and Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) show lower increases in both Nu (43% and 34%) and CfRe (14% and 10%), indicating weaker coupling in the flow. Finally, compared with the localized one, the uniform magnetic field has a minor effect on the flow and temperature distributions.

Design of phononic crystal using open resonators as harmful gases sensor.

This paper investigates the ability to use a finite one-dimensional phononic crystal composed of branched open resonators with a horizontal defect to detect the concentration of harmful gases such as CO2. This research investigates the impact of periodic open resonators, defect duct at the center of the structure, and geometrical parameters such as cross-sections and length of the primary waveguide and resonators on the model's performance. As far as we know, this research is unique in the sensing field. Furthermore, these simulations show that the investigated finite one-dimensional phononic crystal composed of branched open resonators with a horizontal defect is a promising sensor.

MTA1-mediated RNA m6 A modification regulates autophagy and is required for infection of the rice blast fungus.

In eukaryotes, N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) is abundant on mRNA, and plays key roles in the regulation of RNA function. However, the roles and regulatory mechanisms of m6 A in phytopathogenic fungi are still largely unknown. Combined with biochemical analysis, MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq methods, as well as biological analysis, we showed that Magnaporthe oryzae MTA1 gene is an orthologue of human METTL4, which is involved in m6 A modification and plays a critical role in autophagy for fungal infection. The Δmta1 mutant showed reduced virulence due to blockage of appressorial penetration and invasive growth. Moreover, the autophagy process was severely disordered in the mutant. MeRIP-seq identified 659 hypomethylated m6 A peaks covering 595 mRNAs in Δmta1 appressoria, 114 m6 A peaks was negatively related to mRNA abundance, including several ATG gene transcripts. Typically, the mRNA abundance of MoATG8 was also increased in the single m6 A site mutant ∆atg8/MoATG8A982C , leading to an autophagy disorder. Our findings reveal the functional importance of the m6 A methylation in infection of M. oryzae and provide novel insight into the regulatory mechanisms of plant pathogenic fungi.

Outcome of abdominal massage before gavage feeding on tolerated feeding for low birth weight infants.

AIM: To assess the effect of abdominal massage pre-gavage feeding on tolerated feeding for low birth weight (LBW) infants. METHODS: An experimental research design at a government hospital at Egypt. Purposive sample composed of LBW infants was randomly divided into study and control groups each with 60 LBW infants. RESULTS: A total of 55% of the participants in the study group grew sleepy, whereas only 15% of the studied participants in the control group grew sleepy. The abdominal circumference after feeding in the study group was 23.18 ± 2.99 cm, whereas that in the control group was 24.79 ± 2.99 cm. The gastric residual volume in the study group was 0.8 ± 0.10 ml, whereas that in the control group was 3.86 ± 1.03 ml. CONCLUSION: Finally, abdominal massage had a positive impact on the postfeeding state of alertness and feeding tolerance.

Endocytic protein Pal1 regulates appressorium formation and is required for full virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae.

Endocytosis plays key roles during infection of plant-pathogenic fungi, but its regulatory mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we identified a putative endocytosis-related gene, PAL1, which was highly expressed in appressorium of Magnaporthe oryzae, and was found to be important for appressorium formation and maturation. Deletion of PAL1 significantly reduced the virulence of M. oryzae due to defects in appressorial penetration and invasive growth in host cells. The Pal1 protein interacted and colocalized with the endocytosis protein Sla1, suggesting it is involved in endocytosis. The Δpal1 mutant was significantly reduced in appressorium formation, which was recovered by adding exogenous cAMP and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). Moreover, the phosphorylation level of Pmk1 in Δpal1 was also reduced, suggesting Pal1 functions upstream of both the cAMP and Pmk1 signalling pathways. As a consequence, the utilization of glycogen and lipid, appressorial autophagy, actin ring formation, localization of septin proteins, as well as turgor accumulation were all affected in the Δpal1 mutant. Taken together, Pal1 regulates cAMP and the Pmk1 signalling pathway for appressorium formation and maturation to facilitate infection of M. oryzae.

The impact of memory effect on space fractional strong quantum couplers with tunable decay behavior and its numerical simulation.

The nontrivial behavior of wave packets in the space fractional coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation has received considerable theoretical attention. The difficulty comes from the fact that the Riesz fractional derivative is inherently a prehistorical operator. In contrast, nonlinear Schrödinger equation with both time and space nonlocal operators, which is the cornerstone in the modeling of a new type of fractional quantum couplers, is still in high demand of attention. This paper is devoted to numerically study the propagation of solitons through a new type of quantum couplers which can be called time-space fractional quantum couplers. The numerical methodology is based on the finite-difference/Galerkin Legendre spectral method with an easy to implement numerical algorithm. The time-fractional derivative is considered to describe the decay behavior and the nonlocal memory of the model. We conduct numerical simulations to observe the performance of the tunable decay and the sharpness behavior of the time-space fractional strongly coupled nonlinear Schrödinger model as well as the performance of the numerical algorithm. Numerical simulations show that the time and space fractional-order operators control the decay behavior or the memory and the sharpness of the interface and undergo a seamless transition of the fractional-order parameters.

Perilipin LDP1 coordinates lipid droplets formation and utilization for appressorium-mediated infection in Magnaporthe oryzae.

Lipid droplets (LDs) serve as one of the major reservoirs in conidia of Magnaporthe oryzae and are quickly utilized during appressorium formation. Here, we identified a gene, LDP1, encoding a perilipin that is important for LD formation and utilization during appressorium maturation. LDP1 is highly expressed in conidium and immature appressorium. Disruption mutants of LDP1 were significantly reduced in virulence, due to appressorial turgor reduction and difficulty in penetration. LDs were significantly reduced in the Δldp1 mutant, indicating LDP1 was required for LDs formation. LDP1 was colocalized with the LDs in conidium and immature appressorium but was gradually separated during appressorium maturation. A typical intracellular triacylglycerol lipase, TGL1-2, was clearly separated with LDs in conidium and immature appressorium but was well colocalized with LDs during appressorium maturation. The subcellular localization of TGL1-2 was affected by LDP1. These data suggested that LDP1 was bound to LDs for protecting from utilization in conidia and at the early appressorium stage but was separated from LDs for lipase entering and degradation. LDP1 was phosphorylated by CPKA at Thr96, which was essential for its localization and functions. These data indicate perilipin LDP1 can coordinate LD formation and utilization for appressorium-mediated infection of M. oryzae.

GPI7-mediated glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchoring regulates appressorial penetration and immune evasion during infection of Magnaporthe oryzae.

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchoring plays key roles in many biological processes by targeting proteins to the cell wall; however, its roles are largely unknown in plant pathogenic fungi. Here, we reveal the roles of the GPI anchoring in Magnaporthe oryzae during plant infection. The GPI-anchored proteins were found to highly accumulate in appressoria and invasive hyphae. Disruption of GPI7, a GPI anchor-pathway gene, led to a significant reduction in virulence. The Δgpi7 mutant showed significant defects in penetration and invasive growth. This mutant also displayed defects of the cell wall architecture, suggesting GPI7 is required for cell wall biogenesis. Removal of GPI-anchored proteins in the wild-type strain by hydrofluoric acid (HF) pyridine treatment exposed both the chitin and ß-1,3-glucans to the host immune system. Exposure of the chitin and ß-1,3-glucans was also observed in the Δgpi7 mutant, indicating GPI-anchored proteins are required for immune evasion. The GPI anchoring can regulate subcellular localization of the Gel proteins in the cell wall for appressorial penetration and abundance of which for invasive growth. Our results indicate the GPI anchoring facilitates the penetration of M. oryzae into host cells by affecting the cell wall integrity and the evasion of host immune recognition.

URM1-Mediated Ubiquitin-Like Modification Is Required for Oxidative Stress Adaptation During Infection of the Rice Blast Fungus.

Ubiquitin is a small modifier protein which is usually conjugated to substrate proteins for degradation. In recent years, a number of ubiquitin-like proteins have been identified; however, their roles in eukaryotes are largely unknown. Here, we describe a ubiquitin-like protein URM1, and found it plays important roles in the development and infection process of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. Targeted deletion of URM1 in M. oryzae resulted in slight reduction in vegetative growth and significant decrease in conidiation. More importantly, the Δurm1 mutant also showed evident reduction in virulence to host plants. Infection process observation demonstrated that the mutant was arrested in invasive growth and resulted in accumulation of massive host reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further, we found the Δurm1 mutant was sensitive to the cell wall disturbing reagents, thiol oxidizing agent diamide and rapamycin. We also showed that URM1-mediated modification was responsive to oxidative stresses, and the thioredoxin peroxidase Ahp1 was one of the important urmylation targets. These results suggested that URM1-mediated urmylation plays important roles in detoxification of host oxidative stress to facilitate invasive growth in M. oryzae.

The farnesyltransferase ß-subunit RAM1 regulates localization of RAS proteins and appressorium-mediated infection in Magnaporthe oryzae.

Post-translational farnesylation can regulate subcellular localization and protein-protein interaction in eukaryotes. The function of farnesylation is not well identified in plant pathogenic fungi, particularly during the process of fungal infection. Here, through functional analyses of the farnesyltransferase ß-subunit gene, RAM1, we examine the importance of protein farnesylation in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Targeted disruption of RAM1 resulted in the reduction of hyphal growth and sporulation, and an increase in the sensitivity to various stresses. Importantly, loss of RAM1 also led to the attenuation of virulence on the plant host, characterized by decreased appressorium formation and invasive growth. Interestingly, the defect in appressoria formation of the Δram1 mutant can be recovered by adding exogenous cAMP and IBMX, suggesting that RAM1 functions upstream of the cAMP signalling pathway. We found that two Ras GTPases, RAS1 and RAS2, can interact with Ram1, and their plasma membrane localization was regulated by Ram1 through their C-terminal farnesylation sites. Adding a farnesyltransferase inhibitor Tipifarnib can result in similar defects as in Δram1 mutant, including decreased appressorium formation and invasive growth, as well as mislocalized RAS proteins. Our findings indicate that protein farnesylation regulates the RAS protein-mediated signaling pathways required for appressorium formation and host infection, and suggest that abolishing farnesyltransferase could be an effective strategy for disease control.

Synthesis and implementation of nano-chitosan and its acetophenone derivative for enhanced removal of metals.

In the present study, nano-chitosan (Nano-Ch) was synthesized by ionic gelation of chitosan/tripolyphosphate system and successfully modified with acetophenone via Schiff's base condensation to produce nano-chitosan-modified-actophenone (Nano-Ch-Ac). The produced nano-materials were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, HR-TEM and TGA techniques. The average particle sizes were found in the range of 5.20-14.54nm based on the HR-TEM analysis. The metal interaction properties of Nano-Ch and Nano-Ch-Ac with Cu(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Pb(II) were compared in presence of various experimental parameters. Nano-Ch-Ac sorbent was found more superior in the extraction processes of all examined metal ions under the evaluated experimental parameters. This trend was confirmed from the highest determined metal sorption capacity values of metal ions as 1298-1608 and 810-1236µmolg(-1) in pH 7.0 by Nano-Ch-Ac and Nano-Ch sorbents, respectively. The adsorption equilibrium was established at 30.0min of contact time by the two nano-chitosan sorbents. The superiority of Nano-Ch-Ac was also confirmed from the dynamic applications of this nano-sorbent for removal of divalent metal ions from tap water, sea water and industrial wastewater (91.3-100.0±1.0-3.0).