RESUMO
Keeping up to date with the latest clinical advances in prostate cancer can be challenging. We investigated the impact of guideline use on quality of treatment decisions as well as the impact of a novel, CE-certified clinical decision support tool (Siemens AIPC software) on the amount of time clinicians spend on decision-making in a multicenter setting. Ten urologists assessed ten clinical cases (screening and localized prostate cancer) in three settings: without support, using a digital version of the EAU guidelines, and with the AIPC tool, resulting in 300 clinical decisions. Comparison involved time spent, decision correct- and completeness. Using AIPC compared to digital guidelines led to a significant reduction of expenditure of time at a per case level (3.57 min and 0:14 min, p < 0.01) and for overall time per urologist (39.45 min and 02:20 min, p < 0.01). Decision options without guidelines support, online guideline usage and usage of AIPC were complete in 61%, 80% and 100%, respectively (p < 0.01). Decision making without guidelines support, online guideline usage and usage of AIPC was correct including all options in 28%, 66% and 100%, respectively (p < 0.01).Clinical decision support systems have the potential to reduces decision-making time and to enhance decision quality.
Assuntos
Tomada de Decisão Clínica , Sistemas de Apoio a Decisões Clínicas , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Neoplasias da Próstata , Software , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/terapia , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Fidelidade a Diretrizes/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , IdosoRESUMO
As a lipopeptide (LP), surfactin exhibits properties, such as emulsifying and dispersing ability, which are useful in food industry. Discovery of new LP-producing strains from food sources is an important step towards possible application of surfactin in foods. A total of 211 spore-forming, Gram-positive, and catalase-positive bacterial strains were isolated from fermented African locust beans (iru) and palm oil mill effluents in a screening process and examined for their ability to produce surfactin. This was achieved by a combination of methods, which included microbiological and molecular classification of strains, along with chemical analysis of surfactin production. Altogether, 29 isolates, positive for oil spreading and emulsification assays, were further identified with 16S rDNA analysis. The strains belonged to nine species including less commonly reported strains of Lysinibacillus, Bacillus flexus, B. tequilensis, and B. aryabhattai. The surfactin production was quantitatively and qualitatively analysed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Confirmation of surfactin by MS was achieved in all the 29 strains. Highest surfactin production capability was found in B. subtilis IRB2-A1 with a titre of 1444·1 mg L-1 .
Assuntos
Bacillus , Peptídeos Cíclicos , Bacillus/genética , Bacillus subtilis/genética , Cromatografia em Camada Fina/métodos , Lipopeptídeos , Espectrometria de Massas , Peptídeos Cíclicos/químicaRESUMO
The loss of bone and muscle mass increases the risk of osteoporotic fractures. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) loses sensitivity in older age. The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone and muscle measurements of peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) in a geriatric cohort with osteoporosis. Bone mineral density and muscle area of 168 patients aged 65 years and older (76.3 ± 6.5) were measured with pQCT at distal forearm additionally to an osteoporosis assessment consisting of anamnesis, blood test and DXA of lumbar spine and hip. Prior fractures were categorized in minor and major osteoporotic fractures. Logistic regression was used to show the association of bone mineral density and muscle area with major fractures. 54.8% of the participants had at least one major fracture. Bone mineral density measured with pQCT and muscle area were significantly associated with these fractures (total and trabecular bone mineral density OR 2.243 and 2.195, p < 0.01; muscle area OR 2.378, p < 0.05), whereas DXA bone mineral density showed no significant association. These associations remained after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, physical activity and other factors. In all models for patients >75 years only muscle area was significantly associated (OR 5.354, p < 0.05) with major fractures. Measurement of bone mineral density and muscle area with pQCT seems to have advantage over DXA in fracture association in geriatric patients. Measuring muscle area also adds useful information to estimate the presence of osteosarcopenia.
Assuntos
Músculo Esquelético/diagnóstico por imagem , Rádio (Anatomia)/diagnóstico por imagem , Absorciometria de Fóton , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Densidade Óssea , Osso Esponjoso/anatomia & histologia , Osso Esponjoso/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Vértebras Lombares/patologia , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Osteoporose/diagnóstico por imagem , Osteoporose/patologia , Fraturas por Osteoporose/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas por Osteoporose/patologia , Ossos Pélvicos/diagnóstico por imagem , Ossos Pélvicos/patologia , Rádio (Anatomia)/patologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
Ion flow velocity measurement in the edge and scraper-off layer region is beneficial to understand the confinement related phenomenon in fusion devices such as impurity transport and plays an important role in impurity control. During the Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) operation phase 1.2a, a multi-channel (MC) Mach probe mounted on the multi-purpose manipulator has been used to measure radial profiles of edge ion flow velocity. This MC-Mach probe consists of two polar and two radial arrays of directional Langmuir pins (28 pins in total) serving for different aims, of which the polar arrays could obtain a polar distribution of ion saturation current, while the radial arrays can be used to study the dynamic process of a radially propagated event. In this paper, we report the observation of the radially outward propagation of a low frequency mode with a speed of around 200 m/s. The first measurement of the radial ion flow velocity profile using the MC-Mach probe in the boundary plasma of the W7-X with an island divertor will also be presented.
RESUMO
The present study provides for the first time an extended investigation of individual genes located at the near-terminal right end of the genome of parapoxvirus bovis 1, Bovine papular stomatitis virus (BPSV) strain B177 and Orf virus (ORFV). Comparison of the respective DNA sequences of ORFV strain D1701 (9.9 kbp) and BPSV B177 (7.7 kbp) revealed a very similar organization of closely related genes transcribed in a rightward orientation. The most salient findings of this study were: (i) the absence of the ORFV-specific vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-E) gene in the BPSV isolate; (ii) the presence of an interleukin-10 (IL-10) orthologue; and (iii) the detection of three new genes encoding ankyrin-repeat-containing polypeptides. These results not only contribute to potential improvements of future molecular differentiation between the parapoxvirus species, but also shed new light on different pathobiologies among parapoxviruses.
Assuntos
Variação Genética , Genoma Viral , Vírus do Orf/genética , Parapoxvirus/genética , Proteínas Virais/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Bovinos , Interleucina-10/química , Interleucina-10/genética , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Proteínas Virais/química , Proteínas Virais/metabolismoRESUMO
The behaviour of the 3D axial next-nearest-neighbor Ising model at the uniaxial Lifshitz point is studied using Monte Carlo techniques. A new variant of the Wolff cluster algorithm permits the analysis of systems far larger than in previous studies. The Lifshitz point critical exponents are alpha = 0.18(2), beta = 0.238(5), and gamma = 1.36(3). Data for the spin-spin correlation function are shown to be consistent with the explicit scaling function derived from the assumption of local scale invariance, which is a generalization of conformal invariance to the anisotropic scaling at the Lifshitz point.
RESUMO
This study was focussed on the identification of the endocytic organelles in chromaffin cells which retrieve large, dense core vesicle (LDCV)-membrane components from the plasma membrane. For this purpose, 'on-cell' capacitance measurements and electron microscopy were employed. We found capacitance steps and capacitance flickers, corresponding to single exo- and endocytic events. The analysis revealed that the total membrane surface of completely fused LDCVs is recycled by large endocytic vesicles and smaller, most likely clathrin-coated vesicles, at approximately the same ratio. These results were confirmed by rapid-freeze immuno-electron microscopy, where an extracellular marker was rapidly internalized into endocytic vesicles that morphologically resembled LDCVs.
Assuntos
Células Cromafins/ultraestrutura , Animais , Bovinos , Membrana Celular/fisiologia , Membrana Celular/ultraestrutura , Células Cultivadas , Células Cromafins/fisiologia , Endocitose , Potenciais da Membrana , Microscopia EletrônicaRESUMO
The steady-state phase diagram of the one-dimensional reaction-diffusion model 2A-->3A, 2A-->0 is studied through the non-Hermitian density matrix renormalization group. In the absence of single-particle diffusion the model reduces to the pair-contact process, which has a phase transition in the universality class of directed percolation (DP) and an infinite number of absorbing steady states. When single-particle diffusion is added, the number of absorbing steady states is reduced to 2 and the model no longer shows DP critical behavior. The exponents theta=nu(parallel)/nu(perpendicular) and beta/nu(perpendicular) are calculated numerically. The value of beta/nu(perpendicular) is close to the value of the parity conserving universality class, in spite of the absence of local conservation laws.
RESUMO
In a variety of systems which exhibit aging, the two-time response function scales as R(t,s) approximately s(-1-a)f(t/s). We argue that dynamical scaling can be extended towards conformal invariance, thus obtaining the explicit form of the scaling function f. This quantitative prediction is confirmed in several spin systems, both for T
RESUMO
Orf virus (OV) is an epitheliotropic poxvirus and belongs to the genus Parapoxvirus (PPV). PPV, especially OV, is regarded as a promising candidate for an expression vector. Among available live vaccines only strain D1701 represents a highly attenuated OV strain with clearly reduced pathogenicity. Therefore, we started to identify potentially non-essential genes or regions of D1701, which might be suitable for insertion and expression of foreign genes. The present contribution reviews some of the progress using the vegf-e (homologue of the mammalian vascular endothelial growth factor) gene locus for the generation of recombinant D1701. The vegf-e gene of D1701 is dispensable for virus growth in vitro and in vivo, and represents a major virulence determinant of OV. It is shown that foreign genes can be inserted and functionally expressed in the vegf-e locus, also leading to the induction of a specific immune response in the non-permissive host. Furthermore, it is reported that adaptation to VERO cells led to the deletion of three further regions of the OV D1701 genome, which seems to be combined with additional virus attenuation in sheep. Molecular analysis of this OV D1701 variant allows the identification of new, potentially non-essential sites in the viral genome.
Assuntos
Parapoxvirus/genética , Recombinação Genética , Transfecção , Animais , Bovinos , Linhagem Celular , Humanos , Ovinos , Proteínas Virais/genética , Vacinas Virais/genéticaRESUMO
For in vivo determination of innate and memory immune reactions we have implanted sterile gelatin sponges subcutaneously in swine for the monitoring of the following immunological parameters: 1. Analysis of local cell population phenotypes after vascularization of the gelatin sponges using flow cytometry. 2. Comparative analysis of sponge-infiltrating cells after loading with viral antigen in primed as well as naive animals. 3. Performance of reverse transcription quantitative competitive PCR (RT-qcPCR) for the detection of porcine cytokine mRNA indicative for IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-8 and IL-10. The in vitro analysis, e.g. by re-exposure to viral antigens, allows the determination of cytokine reaction patterns of sponge derived cells, draining lymph node cells as well as PBMC of the same individual. Studies of innate reactions and modulation of cellular infiltration in transplanted gelatin sponges are possible. Functional assays, e.g. cell-mediated cytotoxicity, antigen specific cell proliferation, using sponge-derived cells will provide additional information about the suitability of the model for example in vaccine potency tests.
Assuntos
Citocinas/genética , Gelatina , Implantes Experimentais , Linfócitos/imunologia , Suínos/imunologia , Animais , Herpesvirus Suídeo 1/imunologia , Imunidade Celular , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Transcrição GênicaRESUMO
Parapoxvirus (PPV) represents a genus of the poxviridae, and particularly PPV ovis (Orf virus, OV) seems to offer several potential advantages for the use of vector vaccine. Therefore, we started to investigate the genome of the highly attenuated OV strain D1701, which was only poorly characterised until now. Due to recombination of non-homologous sequences, part of the right hand end of the D1701 genome was duplicated and translocated to the opposite end of the genome. As a consequence gene deletion had occurred and the inverted terminal repeat region is increased. Results are described to identify viral genes, which are non-essential for virus replication and potentially influence viral pathogenesis, virulence, and host immunity. In more detail, we analysed the expression and functional activity of the OV-specific vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene homologue. Finally the construction and production of a D1701 mutant lacking the VEGF gene homologue is reported.
Assuntos
Vetores Genéticos , Parapoxvirus/genética , Parapoxvirus/imunologia , Animais , Biotecnologia , Mapeamento Cromossômico , Fatores de Crescimento Endotelial/genética , Deleção de Genes , Genoma Viral , Humanos , Linfocinas/genética , Vírus do Orf/genética , Vírus do Orf/imunologia , Vírus do Orf/patogenicidade , Vacinas Sintéticas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Sintéticas/genética , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio VascularRESUMO
Kex2 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a transmembrane, Ca2+-dependent serine protease of the subtilisin-like pro-protein convertase (SPC) family with specificity for cleavage after paired basic amino acids. At steady state, Kex2 is predominantly localized in late Golgi compartments and initiates the proteolytic maturation of pro-protein precursors that transit the distal secretory pathway. However, Kex2 localization is not static, and its itinerary apparently involves transiting out of the late Golgi and cycling back from post-Golgi endosomal compartments during its lifetime. We tested whether the endocytic pathway could deliver small molecules to Kex2 from the extracellular medium. Here we report that intramolecularly quenched fluorogenic substrates taken up into intact yeast revealed fluorescence due to specific cleavage by Kex2 protease in endosomal compartments. Furthermore, the endocytic delivery of protease inhibitors interfered with Kex2 activity for precursor protein processing. These observations reveal that the endocytic pathway does intersect with the cycling itinerary of active Kex2 protease. This strategy of endocytic drug delivery has implications for modulating SPC protease activity needed for hormone, toxin and viral glycoprotein precursor processing in human cells.
Assuntos
Endocitose , Endossomos/metabolismo , Pró-Proteína Convertases , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Subtilisinas/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico , Humanos , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/ultraestruturaRESUMO
The orf virus (OV) strain D1701 belongs to the genetically heterogenous parapoxvirus (PPV) genus of the family Poxviridae. The attenuated OV D1701 has been licensed as a live vaccine against contagious ecthyma in sheep. Detailed knowledge on the genetic structure and organization of this PPV vaccine strain is an important prerequisite to reveal possible genetic mechanisms of PPV attenuation. The present study demonstrates a genomic map of the approximately 158 kbp DNA of OV D1701 established by hybridization studies of cloned restriction fragments covering the complete viral genome. The results show an enlargement of the inverted terminal repeats (ITR) to up to 18 kbp due to recombination between nonhomologous sequences during cell culture adaptation. DNA sequencing of the region adjacent to the ITR junction revealed the absence of one open reading frame designated E2L. In contrast to a transposition-deletion variant of the New Zealand OV strain NZ2 (Fleming et al., 1995) the two genes E3L (a homologue of dUTPase) and G1L neighbouring E2L are retained in OV D1701. DNA and RNA analyses proved the presence of E2L gene in wild-type OV isolated directly from scab material. The data presented indicate that the E2L gene is nonessential for virus replication in vitro and in vivo, and may represent one important viral gene in determining virulence and pathogenesis of OV.
Assuntos
Parapoxvirus/genética , Vacinas Virais/genética , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Northern Blotting , Bovinos , Linhagem Celular , Mapeamento Cromossômico , DNA Viral/análise , Deleção de Genes , Genes Virais/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Vírus do Orf/genética , Vírus do Orf/imunologia , Parapoxvirus/imunologia , Homologia de Sequência , Ovinos , Vacinas Atenuadas/genética , Vacinas Atenuadas/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Replicação ViralAssuntos
Prática Profissional/economia , Radiologia/economia , Custos e Análise de Custo , Alemanha , Humanos , RendaRESUMO
Open pelvic fractures are rare fractures usually resulting from a severe trauma. Only 4 of 121 patients treated operatively in 1994 for a pelvic trauma showed an open injury. The high lethality is caused by two complications: in the early phase the patient is threatened by bleeding to death and in the following course sepsis determines the lethal outcome. Only an aggressive surgical management prevents or treats such complications. The presented concept comprises in the end the hemipelvectomy and an intensive care management for prophylaxis of septic complications. So the lethality was diminished.