Psychiatric disorders after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychiatric alterations resulting from deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in the management of Parkinson's disease. METHODS: Articles were searched using three databases: Public/Publisher MEDLINE, Virtual Health Library, and Cochrane Library. RESULTS: Eleven studies were included in the analysis. Manic syndrome alone was reported in two of the 11 studies analyzed. Psychosis alone was not reported in any of them, but it was found in association with other psychiatric alterations in two studies, not including manic syndrome. In one case report, hypersexuality was associated with depression and self-alienation. Depressive disorder was the most frequent psychiatric disorder after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, according to five of the reviewed articles, encompassing 26 patients. In four of these articles, depression was associated with other psychiatric disorders, such as psychosis, suicidal ideation, hypersexuality, and anxiety. Hypomanic syndrome was reported in two cases. CONCLUSION: More common psychiatric disorders related to the neuroanatomy of the nucleus were observed, probably because of the microlesions caused by the implantation of deep brain stimulation and the regulation of the stimulation of the device. The most common disorders include depression, mania/hypomania, psychosis, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and hypersexuality.

Psychiatric disorders after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the psychiatric alterations resulting from deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in the management of Parkinson's disease. Methods Articles were searched using three databases: Public/Publisher MEDLINE, Virtual Health Library, and Cochrane Library. Results Eleven studies were included in the analysis. Manic syndrome alone was reported in two of the 11 studies analyzed. Psychosis alone was not reported in any of them, but it was found in association with other psychiatric alterations in two studies, not including manic syndrome. In one case report, hypersexuality was associated with depression and self-alienation. Depressive disorder was the most frequent psychiatric disorder after deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus, according to five of the reviewed articles, encompassing 26 patients. In four of these articles, depression was associated with other psychiatric disorders, such as psychosis, suicidal ideation, hypersexuality, and anxiety. Hypomanic syndrome was reported in two cases. Conclusion More common psychiatric disorders related to the neuroanatomy of the nucleus were observed, probably because of the microlesions caused by the implantation of deep brain stimulation and the regulation of the stimulation of the device. The most common disorders include depression, mania/hypomania, psychosis, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and hypersexuality.

As repercussões da pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 sobre a saúde mental de alunos de ensino médio de uma escola de Goiânia / The repercussions of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the mental health of high school students at a school in Goiânia / Las repercusiones de la pandemia SARS-CoV-2 en la salud mental de los estudiantes de secundaria en Goiânia

INTRODUÇÃO: No mês de dezembro de 2019, pacientes de uma cidade da China, Wuhan, começaram a contrair uma pneumonia viral, um novo coronavírus oficializado pela OMS no dia 30 de janeiro de 2020. A pandemia provocada pelo SARS-CoV-2 impactou na vida das pessoas de uma maneira jamais vista, incluindo a população adolescente. Nesse contexto, uma das consequências imediatas foi o encerramento das escolas. Diante disso, urge a necessidade de se abordar as repercussões na saúde mental da população adolescente que frequenta o Ensino Médio. METODOLOGIA: Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo qualitativo que envolveu uma revisão bibliográfica da literatura e a pesquisa de campo. Foi realizada um levantamento de artigos, coletâneas e obras completas que estavam de acordo com a temática do estudo e a pesquisa de campo foi realizada em uma escola de Ensino Médio da Região Leste de Goiânia onde foram aplicados os questionários junto aos adolescentes para identificar os aspectos relacionados aos impactos na saúde mental no período da pandemia de SARS-CoV-2. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrado um perfil relacionado ao adolescente que concentrou alunos de 16 anos (53,8%) do sexo feminino (65,4%) com renda de 1 a 2 salários-mínimos (46,2%). Quando questionados sobre como a pandemia afetou seu aprendizado, 80,8% responderam que se sentiram afetados de alguma forma. Já quanto ao comportamento, 57,7% responderam que voltaram às aulas com comportamento de timidez, insegurança e irritabilidade. CONCLUSÃO: Em síntese, as repercussões da pandemia na saúde mental dos adolescentes foram negativas, sendo o distanciamento social o principal fator agravante.

INTRODUCTION: In December 2019, patients in a city in China, Wuhan, began to contract viral pneumonia, a new coronavirus made official by the WHO on January 30, 2020. The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 impacted people's lives in a way never seen before, including the adolescent population. In this context, one of the immediate consequences was the closure of schools. Given this, there is an urgent need to address the repercussions on the mental health of the adolescent population attending high school. METHODOLOGY: This was a qualitative descriptive study that involved a literature review and field research. A survey of articles, collections and complete works that were in accordance with the theme of the study was carried out and the field research was carried out in a high school in the eastern region of Goiânia where questionnaires were applied to adolescents to identify aspects related to the impacts on mental health in the period of the SARSCoV-2 pandemic. RESULTS: A profile related to adolescents was found, which concentrated 16-year-old students (53.8%) female (65.4%) with an income of 1 to 2 minimum wages (46.2%). When asked how the pandemic affected their learning, 80.8% responded that they felt affected in some way. As for behavior, 57.7% responded that they returned to school with behavior of shyness, insecurity and irritability. CONCLUSION: In summary, the pandemic's repercussions on adolescents' mental health were negative, with social distancing being the main aggravating factor.

INTRODUCCIÓN: En diciembre de 2019, pacientes de una ciudad de China, Wuhan, comenzaron a contraer neumonía viral, un nuevo coronavirus oficializado por la OMS el 30 de enero de 2020. La pandemia provocada por el SARS-CoV-2 impactó la vida de las personas de una forma nunca antes vista, incluyendo a la población adolescente. En este contexto, una de las consecuencias inmediatas fue el cierre de las escuelas. Ante ello, urge atender las repercusiones en la salud mental de la población adolescente que cursa la enseñanza media. METODOLOGÍA: Este fue un estudio cualitativo descriptivo que involucró una revisión de literatura e investigación de campo. Se realizó un levantamiento de artículos, colecciones y obras completas que estuvieran de acuerdo con el tema del estudio y la investigación de campo se realizó en una escuela secundaria de la región este de Goiânia donde se aplicaron cuestionarios a adolescentes para identificar aspectos relacionados con los impactos en la salud mental en el período de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. RESULTADOS: Se encontró un perfil relacionado con los adolescentes, que concentró estudiantes de 16 años (53,8%) del sexo femenino (65,4%) con ingreso de 1 a 2 salarios mínimos (46,2%). Ante la pregunta de cómo afectó la pandemia a su aprendizaje, el 80,8% respondió que se sentía afectado de alguna manera. En cuanto al comportamiento, el 57,7% respondió que regresaba a la escuela con un comportamiento de timidez, inseguridad e irritabilidad. CONCLUSIÓN: En resumen, las repercusiones de la pandemia en la salud mental de los adolescentes fueron negativas, siendo el distanciamiento social el principal agravante.