RESUMO
Conventional lumbar spine examinations are performed by placing the patient in the supine position. The alternative prone position is less commonly used. In this study, researchers measured entrance skin exposure for both supine and prone positioning techniques and the radiation dose to the eyes, thyroid, ovaries, testes and bone marrow. Compared with the AP projection, the PA projection produced a moderately higher bone marrow dose (28%), but resulted in a slightly reduced dose (17%) to the thyroid and greatly reduced doses (200+%) to the eyes, ovaries, uterus and testes. The PA projection also produced an ESE 52% lower than the AP projection. Results suggest an advantage to using prone positioning for lumbar spine examinations.
Assuntos
Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Estruturais , Postura , Doses de Radiação , RadiografiaRESUMO
The supervisor/manager deals with people every day. The basis for most worker behavior comes from interaction with their peers on the job. The effective manager must learn to understand and work with the various informal groups that form in the organization. He or she must understand how and why these groups form and how they are perpetuated. The effective manager can learn to use these cliques in the department to establish a spirit of cooperation and maintain the goals of the institution.
