Skin penetration behavior of lipid-core nanocapsules for simultaneous delivery of resveratrol and curcumin.

Polyphenols, which are secondary plant metabolites, gain increasing research interest due to their therapeutic potential. Among them, resveratrol and curcumin are two agents showing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial as well as anticarcinogenic effects. In addition to their individual therapeutic effect, increased activity was reported upon co-delivery of the two compounds. However, due to the poor water solubility of resveratrol and curcumin, their clinical application is currently limited. In this context, lipid-core nanocapsules (LNC) composed of an oily core surrounded by a polymeric shell were introduced as drug carrier systems with the potential to overcome this obstacle. Furthermore, the encapsulation of polyphenols into LNC can increase their photostability. As the attributes of the polyphenols make them excellent candidates for skin treatment, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of co-delivery of resveratrol and curcumin by LNC upon topical application on excised human skin. In contrast to the formulation with one polyphenol, resveratrol penetrated into deeper skin layers when the co-formulation was applied. Based on vibrational spectroscopy analysis, these effects are most likely due to interactions of curcumin and the stratum corneum, facilitating the skin absorption of the co-administered resveratrol. Furthermore, the interaction of LNC with primary human skin cells was analyzed encountering a cellular uptake within 24h potentially leading to intracellular effects of the polyphenols. Thus, the simultaneous delivery of resveratrol and curcumin by LNC provides an intelligent way for immediate and sustained polyphenol delivery for skin disease treatment.

Disfunción sexual femenina y algunos factores asociados en la población de Sabanagrande, Francisco Morazán, julio 2011 / females sexual disfunction and some associated factors on the population of Sabanagrande, Francisco Morazán, July 2011

La Disfunción Sexual Femenina (DSF) es un trastorno que afecta la sexualidad, puede considerarse un problema de salud que no pone en peligro la vida de las personas pero afecta la salud física, mental y la relación de pareja, familia trabajo, así como los aspectos sociales, Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia de disfunción sexual femenina y algunas variables asociadas. Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 1,651 mujeres mayores de 15 años de la población de la comunidad Sabanagrande, Honduras, julio 2011. La muestra fue de 322 mujeres; se utilizó el muestreo aleatorizado sistemático, se usó el croquis de la comunidad para numeración de datos, se utilizaron dos instrumentos, un cuestionario que recogía datos sociodemográficos, el test que evalua la sexualidad femenina llamado ¨Indice de Función sexual Femenina¨ (IFSH). Este cuestionario consta de 19 preguntas y agrupa seis dominios: deseo, excitación, lubricación, orgasmo, satisfacción dispareunia; cada pregunta tiene 5 o 6 opciones, con un puntaje de 0 a 5. Resultados: La prevalencia de DSF fue 145(45%) de la muetra, las áreas afectadas fueron: anorgasmicas 31%, dispareunia 26%, vaginismo 20%. La DSF segun rangos de edad, 25-39 años 58(40%), 40-69 años 58(40%). La escolaridad; educación secundaria 73(50%) y primaria 58(40%). Estado Civil; unión libre 54(37%) y casada 43(30%). Ingreso económico L.2,500.00 69(48%). Violencia sexual sufrida por la mujer a la edad de 10 años o menos 19(13%). Parejas sexuales; una 75 (52%), dos 46(32%), mas de tres 23(15%). Masturbación 46(32%). Comunicación de la pareja ; regular 55(38%) y mala 15(10%). Conclusión: el estudio mostró que la frecuencia de DSF fue del 45%...

Evaluación de métodos diagnósticos para sífilis congénita / Evaluation of diagnostic methods for congenital syphilis

La sífilis congénita es un problema relevante en nuestro país. Actualmente no existen exámenes de uso rutinario que permitan confirmar su diagnóstico. En este estudio prospectivo multicéntrico se evaluaron 60 binomios madre-RN que presentaban test no treponémicos (TNT) reactivos. En todas las muestras se realizaron 2 TNT (VDRL y RPR) y 7 test treponémicos (TT): dos evaluaban IgM, uno IgG y cuatro IgM + IgG. La concordancia entre los tests que evaluaban IgG o IgG + IgM fue de 90 por ciento y entre los que evaluaban IgM fue de 87,5 por ciento. Un resultado IgG positivo se observó en 100 por ciento de los binomios cuyas madres presentaron sífilis durante el embarazo o portaban serología residual. La IgM fue positiva en 64 por ciento de las madres con sífilis adecuadamente tratada durante el embarazo, siendo sus neonatos todos IgM negativa. Aquellas madres con un tratamiento inadecuado tuvieron IgM positiva en 82.3 por ciento y sus RN tuvieron IgM positivas en 11,8 por ciento. En conclusión, la IgM materna no aporta al diagnóstico de sífilis congénita, pues su positividad no se correlaciona con el riesgo de que el RN presente este cuadro. La Igm en el RN es útil para el diagnóstico precoz de sífilis congénita, pero su ausencia no descarta esta patología

Consequences of irregular versus continuous medical follow-up in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVES: To study the social and family characteristics of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with irregular versus continuous clinical follow-up and to study the medical outcomes of patients with these follow-up patterns. METHODS: An onset cohort of 61 children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and their parents were studied. Aspects of their social and family environment were assessed at study inception and examined in relation to frequency of follow-up early in the course of the illness. Follow-up was dichotomized so that patients with continuous follow-up were compared with patients with irregular follow-up, who were defined as those missing 1 full year of planned medical appointments during the second through fourth years after diagnosis. Patients with irregular and continuous follow-up were compared in terms of acute metabolic complications, glycemic control, and retinopathy status during a 10-year period. RESULTS: Compared with individuals with continuous follow-up, patients with irregular clinical visits were more likely to be from families of lower socioeconomic class levels, have a parental history of separation and divorce, and were members of families that reported being least openly expressive of positive emotions. Poor glycemic control in year 1 was associated with irregular follow-up in years 2 through 4. Patients with irregular follow-up continued to have worse glycemic control in years 2 through 4 than patients with continuous follow-up. However, in years 7 and 10 their glycemic control no longer differed from patients with continuous follow-up. More episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis occurred in the irregular follow-up group. Finally, retinopathy occurred more frequently among those in the irregular follow-up group. CONCLUSION: Early irregular clinical follow-up should be considered a risk factor for complications of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.