RESUMO
Brain clocks, which quantify discrepancies between brain age and chronological age, hold promise for understanding brain health and disease. However, the impact of multimodal diversity (geographical, socioeconomic, sociodemographic, sex, neurodegeneration) on the brain age gap (BAG) is unknown. Here, we analyzed datasets from 5,306 participants across 15 countries (7 Latin American countries -LAC, 8 non-LAC). Based on higher-order interactions in brain signals, we developed a BAG deep learning architecture for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI=2,953) and electroencephalography (EEG=2,353). The datasets comprised healthy controls, and individuals with mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. LAC models evidenced older brain ages (fMRI: MDE=5.60, RMSE=11.91; EEG: MDE=5.34, RMSE=9.82) compared to non-LAC, associated with frontoposterior networks. Structural socioeconomic inequality and other disparity-related factors (pollution, health disparities) were influential predictors of increased brain age gaps, especially in LAC (R²=0.37, F²=0.59, RMSE=6.9). A gradient of increasing BAG from controls to mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease was found. In LAC, we observed larger BAGs in females in control and Alzheimer's disease groups compared to respective males. Results were not explained by variations in signal quality, demographics, or acquisition methods. Findings provide a quantitative framework capturing the multimodal diversity of accelerated brain aging.
RESUMO
COVID-19 is an infectious disease declared by the World Health Organization as a public health emergency of international concern. Objective: The objective of this article was to determine the physical, psychological, and social health conditions and mood of COVID-19 quarantine in adults with mild cognitive impairment. Methods: The sample consisted of 129 participants, most of them were healthy, but some have mild cognitive impairment. The data were collected with a questionnaire and the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale applied through phone calls from April to June 2020. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the changes in sleep habits of the healthy participants (p=0.018). Intragroup comparisons of the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale in healthy participants were significant (p=0.010) and at the intergroup level before and after quarantine showed significant differences in pretest scores (p=0.003). Conclusions: Social isolation had a negative psychological effect on sleep habits, depressed mood, and physical health, mainly in healthy participants.
COVID-19 é uma doença infecciosa declarada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde como emergência de saúde pública de interesse internacional. Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo é determinar as condições de saúde física, psicológica, social e de humor na quarentena de COVID-19 em adultos com comprometimento cognitivo leve. Métodos: A amostra foi composta de 129 participantes, a maioria saudável, mas alguns com comprometimento cognitivo leve. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário e da escala de depressão geriátrica de Yesavage, aplicada por meio de ligações telefônicas no período de abril a junho de 2020. Resultados: Diferenças estatisticamente significantes foram encontradas nas mudanças nos hábitos de sono dos participantes saudáveis (p=0,018). As comparações intragrupo da escala de depressão geriátrica de Yesavage em participantes saudáveis foram significativas (p=0,010) e, no nível intergrupo, antes e depois da quarentena mostraram diferenças significativas nos escores do pré-teste (p=0,003). Conclusões: O isolamento social teve efeito psicológico negativo sobre os hábitos de sono, humor deprimido e saúde física, principalmente em participantes saudáveis.
