Nevus compuesto inflamatorio juvenil: no es melanoma todo lo que parece / Inflammatory juvenile compound nevi: A melanoma is not all that it appears to be

Niña de 11 años que acude por crecimiento rápido de lesión pigmentada en conjuntiva bulbar del ojo izquierdo. Debido a las características biomicroscópicas y ultrasónicas de la lesión se realizó una biopsia escisional con técnica "no touch" y criocoagulación en márgenes quirúrgicos. La anatomía patológica demostró la presencia de un nevus compuesto inflamatorio de conjuntiva. Los tumores melánicos de la conjuntiva son en su gran mayoría benignos. Sin embargo, el crecimiento acelerado de una lesión, la vascularización de la misma, los márgenes irregulares y la diferente coloración deben hacer pensar en una malignización. En tal caso, la biopsia escisional es obligatoria. A pesar de todas las características clínicas de malignidad, principalmente en jóvenes, puede tratarse de un nevus compuesto inflamatorio

An 11 year-old girl presented with a recent growth pigmented conjuntival lesion in the bulbar conjunctiva of left eye. Due to the the biomicroscopic and ultrasound findings, an excisional biopsy was performed on the lesion using the "no touch" technique, as well as cryo-coagulation of surgical margins. Histopathological examination revealed an inflammatory compound nevus. Melanotic conjunctival tumours are mostly benign. However, the recent growth of a lesion, its vascularisation, irregularities of the margins, and colour change must suggest it has turned malignant. In such case, excision of the lesion is mandatory. Despite all the clinical changes, especially in young patients, it can still be an inflammatory compound nevus

Inflammatory juvenile compound nevi: A melanoma is not all that it appears to be. / Nevus compuesto inflamatorio juvenil: no es melanoma todo lo que parece.

An 11 year-old girl presented with a recent growth pigmented conjuntival lesion in the bulbar conjunctiva of left eye. Due to the the biomicroscopic and ultrasound findings, an excisional biopsy was performed on the lesion using the «no touch¼ technique, as well as cryo-coagulation of surgical margins. Histopathological examination revealed an inflammatory compound nevus. Melanotic conjunctival tumours are mostly benign. However, the recent growth of a lesion, its vascularisation, irregularities of the margins, and colour change must suggest it has turned malignant. In such case, excision of the lesion is mandatory. Despite all the clinical changes, especially in young patients, it can still be an inflammatory compound nevus.

Retinoblastoma en un adolescente. Hallazgos clinicopatológicos poco frecuentes / Retinoblastoma in the adolescent. Unusual clinical and histopathology findings

CASO CLÍNICO: Hombre de 17 años, con un tumor intraocular izquierdo de 2 años de evolución y pérdida visual progresiva. Presentó rotura escleral durante la enucleación. Microscópicamente, las tinciones de H-E, PAS e inmunohistoquímica (NSE, GAFP, SYN, y CD99) demostraron un tumor maligno de células pequeñas, redondas y azules, con necrosis, apoptosis e invasión al nervio óptico, cuerpo ciliar, coroides, cámara anterior y esclerótica. La SYN resultó positiva y el CD99 negativo en células neoplásicas, confirmándose un retinoblastoma pobremente diferenciado. Discusión: El retinoblastoma es el tumor intraocular maligno primario más frecuente en niños, aunque ocasionalmente afecta a otros grupos de edad. La inmunohistoquímica es obligada en los retinoblastomas pobremente diferenciados

CASE REPORT: A 17-year- old male with 2 years history of an intraocular mass and progressive visual loss of the left eye. Spontaneous sclera rupture occurred during enucleation. Microscopic evaluation with H-E, PAS and immunohistochemistry (NSE, GAFP, SYN, CD99) revealed a small blue round cell malignant neoplasm with extensive necrosis and apoptosis. The optic nerve, ciliary body, choroid, anterior chamber, and sclera were infiltrated. SYN was positive and CD99 was negative in neoplastic cells, consistent with a poorly differentiated retinoblastoma. DISCUSSION: Retinoblastoma is the most frequent primary intraocular malignant tumour in childhood, but occasionally older patients can be affected. Immunohistochemistry is mandatory in poorly differentiated retinoblastomas

Toxicidad de memantina intravítrea en retina de conejos / Intravitreal memantine retinal toxicity in rabbits

OBJETIVO: Valorar histopatológicamente si existe toxicidad en la retina de conejos, posterior a la aplicación intravítrea de memantina. MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron 16 ojos de 16 conejos raza Nueva Zelanda de 3 kg, divididos en 4 grupos de 4 conejos cada uno. Al grupo A se le aplicó una dosis de 70 ng/ml de memantina intravítrea, al grupo B se le aplicó una dosis de 150 ng/ml de memantina intravítrea, al grupo C se le aplicó una dosis de 400 ng/ml de memantina intravítrea, y al grupo D se le aplicó 1 ml de solución salina balanceada. Se enucleó el ojo inyectado en la mitad de cada grupo a los 15 días, y el resto del grupo se enucleó a los 30 días posterior a la inyección. Posterior a la enucleación, cada ojo fue colocado en formaldehido al 10%. Se realizó análisis histopatológico a cada uno de los ojos enucleados. Los animales fueron tratados de acuerdo a los estatutos de la Association for Research on Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). RESULTADOS: Los grupos A, B y D no presentaron alteraciones histopatológicas tras 15 y 30 días de enucleación. El grupo C presentó alteración a nivel de la capa de fotorreceptores a los 15 y 30 días posterior a la enucleación. CONCLUSIONES: La memantina intravítrea a dosis de 70 mg/dl y 150 mg/dl no es tóxica a nivel estructural en la retina. La memantina a dosis de 400 mg/dl es tóxica a nivel estructural en la retina. La memantina podría ser considerada en el futuro para el tratamiento de distrofias de retina. Diversos estudios deberán ser realizados al respecto

OBJECTIVE: To histologically evaluate whether the intravitreal application of memantine produces retinal toxicity in rabbits. METHODS: A cross-sectional design, experimental, descriptive study was performed on 16 eyes of 16 New Zealand rabbits of 3 kg, divided in 4 groups of 4 rabbits. A dose of 70 ng/ml of intravitreal memantine was administered in Group A, a dose of 150 ng/ml in Group B, a dose of 400 ng/ml in Group C, and Group D received 1 ml of balanced salt solution. The injected eye of half of each group was enucleated 15 days after the injection, and the rest within 30 days after injection. Following enucleation, each eye was placed in 10% formaldehyde. Histopathological analysis was performed on all enucleated eyes. The animals were treated according to the guidelines of the Association for Research on Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). RESULTS: Groups A, B and D did not show any histopathological changes after their enucleation at 15 and 30 days. Group C showed changes in the photoreceptor layer after enucleation at 15 and 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, it was observed that memantine concentrations at 70 ng/ml and 150 ng/ml are safe when administered intravitreally; however, doses of 400 ng/ml produced retinal structural changes. This research should continue to assess its clinical usefulness

Retinoblastoma in the adolescent. Unusual clinical and histopathology findings.

CASE REPORT: A 17-year- old male with 2years history of an intraocular mass and progressive visual loss of the left eye. Spontaneous sclera rupture occurred during enucleation. Microscopic evaluation with H-E, PAS and immunohistochemistry (NSE, GAFP, SYN, CD99) revealed a small blue round cell malignant neoplasm with extensive necrosis and apoptosis. The optic nerve, ciliary body, choroid, anterior chamber, and sclera were infiltrated. SYN was positive and CD99 was negative in neoplastic cells, consistent with a poorly differentiated retinoblastoma. DISCUSSION: Retinoblastoma is the most frequent primary intraocular malignant tumour in childhood, but occasionally older patients can be affected. Immunohistochemistry is mandatory in poorly differentiated retinoblastomas.

Intravitreal memantine retinal toxicity in rabbits.

OBJECTIVE: To histologically evaluate whether the intravitreal application of memantine produces retinal toxicity in rabbits. METHODS: A cross-sectional design, experimental, descriptive study was performed on 16 eyes of 16 New Zealand rabbits of 3 kg, divided in 4 groups of 4 rabbits. A dose of 70 ng/ml of intravitreal memantine was administered in Group A, a dose of 150 ng/ml in Group B, a dose of 400 ng/ml in Group C, and Group D received 1 ml of balanced salt solution. The injected eye of half of each group was enucleated 15 days after the injection, and the rest within 30 days after injection. Following enucleation, each eye was placed in 10% formaldehyde. Histopathological analysis was performed on all enucleated eyes. The animals were treated according to the guidelines of the Association for Research on Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). RESULTS: Groups A, B and D did not show any histopathological changes after their enucleation at 15 and 30 days. Group C showed changes in the photoreceptor layer after enucleation at 15 and 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, it was observed that memantine concentrations at 70 ng/ml and 150 ng/ml are safe when administered intravitreally; however, doses of 400 ng/ml produced retinal structural changes. This research should continue to assess its clinical usefulness.