Colonic complications following human bone marrow transplantation / Complicações do cólon após transplante de medula óssea humana

BACKGROUND: Human bone marrow transplantation (BMT) becomes an accepted treatment of leukemia, aplastic anemia, immunodeficiency syndromes, and hematologic malignancies. Colorectal surgeons must know how to determine and manage the main colonic complications. OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical features, clinical and pathological staging of graft vs host disease (GVHD), and treatment of patients suffering with colonic complications of human bone marrow transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have reviewed the records of all patients that received an allogeneic bone marrow transplant and were evaluated at our Colon and Rectal Surgery department due to gastrointestinal symptoms, between January 2007 and January 2012. The study was carried out in patients who developed colonic complications, all of them with clinical, histopathological or laboratory diagnosis. RESULTS: The study group was constituted by 77 patients, 43 male and 34 female patients. We identified colonic complications in 30 patients (38.9%); five patients developed intestinal toxicity due to pretransplant chemotherapy (6.4%); graft vs. host disease was present in 16 patients (20%); 13 patients (16.8%) developed acute colonic GVHD, and 3 (3.8%) chronic GVHD. Infection was identified in 9 patients (11.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The three principal colonic complications are the chemotherapy toxicity, GVHD, and superinfection; the onset of symptoms could help to suspect the type of complication (0-20 day chemotherapy toxicity, 20 and more GVHD), and infection could appear in any time of transplantation. (AU)

EXPERIÊNCIA: O transplante de medula óssea humana (MOH) passou a ser um tratamento adotado para leucemia, anemia aplástica, síndromes de imunodeficiência e neoplasias hematológicas. Cirurgiões colorretais devem saber como determinar e tratar as principais complicações do cólon. OBJETIVO: Revisar as características clínicas, estadiamentos clínico e patológico da doença do enxerto versus hospedeiro (DEVH) e o tratamento de pacientes padecendo com as complicações colônicas do transplante de medula óssea humana. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Revisamos os registros de todos os pacientes que receberam um transplante de medula óssea alogênica e foram avaliados em nosso Departamento de Cirurgia do Cólon e Reto em função de sintomas gastrointestinais, entre janeiro de 2007 e janeiro de 2012. O estudo teve por base os pacientes que desenvolveram complicações do cólon, todos com diagnóstico clínico, histopatológico ou laboratorial. RESULTADOS: O grupo de estudo foi constituído por 77 pacientes, sendo 43 homens e 34 mulheres. Identificamos complicações do cólon em 30 pacientes (38,9%); cinco pacientes exibiam toxicidade intestinal por quimioterapia antes do transplante (6,4%); DEVH estava presente em 16 pacientes (20%), 13 pacientes (16,8%) foram acometidos por DEVH colônica aguda três pacientes (3,8%) DEVH crônica. Infecção foi detectada em 9 pacientes (11,6%). CONCLUSÕES: As três principais complicações do cólon são: toxicidade por quimioterapia, DEVH e superinfecção. O surgimento dos sintomas poderia ajudar a levantar suspeitas sobre o tipo de complicação (0-20 dias, toxicidade por quimioterapia; 20 ou mais dias, DEVH). Infecções podem ocorrer em qualquer momento do transplante. (AU)

[Transmural rectal endometriosis as a cause of chronic constipation. A case report and literature review]. / Endometriosis transmural rectal como causa de estreñimiento crónico. Reporte de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía.

The incidence of intestinal endometriosis is reported between 5.3 and 12% of cases and of these, between 70 and 93% are located in the rectum and sigmoid. We report the case of a 32-year-old with constipation and bloating and cramping pain during the last 2 years. The pain increased in frequency during the past 6 months. From the data obtained from physical examination and imaging studies may be suspected pelvic endometriosis with infiltration of anterior rectal wall. Resection of the low anterior rectum with colo-rectal anastomosis was performed, with adequate surgical outcome and resolution of symptoms. In patients of childbearing age with abdominal or pelvic pain, constipation of recent onset or occlusive bowel, which may or may not be related to the menstrual cycle should be considered transmural infiltration by endometrial tissue.

[Pneumatosis coli]. / Neumatosis coli.

OBJECTIVE: To report a pneumatosis coli case. CASE REPORT: A 56 year old man was submitted to a routine medical check up. During rectosigmoidoscopy examination many submucous lesions of cystic aspect were found, which were demonstrated by different imaging methods and endoscopy. CONCLUSION: The pneumatosis coli is an infrequent pathology in our means and must be included in the differential diagnosis of secondary pneumatosis intestinalis.

[Hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome. First report in Mexico]. / Síndrome de poliposis mixta hereditaria. Primer reporte en México.

OBJECTIVE: Report for first time in Mexico a case of hereditary mixed polyposis and review the literature. BACKGROUND: The hereditary mixed polyposis syndrome (HMPS) is an uncommon condition, distinguished by presence of a different histological pattern of polyps in digestive tract, clinically manifested by diarrhea, anemia and weight loss. CASE REPORT: Male patient, 38 years old, with familiar antecedent (dead sister) with polyps and gastric cancer. With history of a 1 year with bleeding and mucous diarrhea, and weight loss of a 28.6 pounds. Pale at physical examination, without abdominal signs. At blood test with hemoglobin of 9.7 g/dL, and colonoscopy with multiple polyps within colon and rectum, upper endoscopy with a big esophageal polyp and multiple polyps in gastric and duodenal lining smaller than 1 cm. Contrast study of intestine was normal. Histopathologic study of the polyps report mixed pattern of polyps: (hyperplasic-adenomatous, juvenile-adenomatous, adenoma-inflammatory-hyperplasic, hyperplasic-adenomatous with a high degree dysplasia); juvenile in esophagus, and hyperplasic in stomach and duodenum. Patient was undergone to totalproctocolectomy and reconstruction by "J" ileoanal pouch with good outcome, and endoscopic esophageal polypectomy, with actual surveillance.

Endoanal sonography in the assessment of perianal endometriosis with external anal sphincter involvement.

Endoanal sonography can be used in the assessment of benign and malignant anal conditions and to evaluate the anatomy of the anal sphincters. We used endoanal sonography with a 10-MHz rotating endocavitary probe to evaluate a 45-year-old woman with a perianal mass, fecal incontinence, and menses-associated perianal pain. She had had 2 vaginal deliveries requiring episiotomies. Biopsy of the mass showed endometrial tissue. The ultrasound examination showed a perianal mass and an external anal sphincter injury. A wide excision and sphincteroplasty were performed, with improvement of fecal continence and pain. Histopathologic examination of the mass confirmed perianal endometrioma in an episiotomy scar.