Information and consensus document for the detection and management of chronic kidney disease.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide that affects more than 10% of the Spanish population. CKD is associated with high comorbidity rates, poor prognosis and major consumption of health system resources. Since the publication of the last consensus document on CKD seven years ago, little evidence has emerged and few clinical trials on new diagnostic and treatment strategies in CKD have been conducted, apart from new trials in diabetic kidney disease. Therefore, CKD international guidelines have not been recently updated. The rigidity and conservative attitude of the guidelines should not prevent the publication of updates in knowledge about certain matters that may be key in detecting CKD and managing patients with this disease. This document, also prepared by 10 scientific associations, provides an update on concepts, clarifications, diagnostic criteria, remission strategies and new treatment options. The evidence and the main studies published on these aspects of CKD have been reviewed. This should be considered more as an information document on CKD. It includes an update on CKD detection, risk factors and screening; a definition of renal progression; an update of remission criteria with new suggestions in the older population; CKD monitoring and prevention strategies; management of associated comorbidities, particularly in diabetes mellitus; roles of the Primary Care physician in CKD management; and what not to do in Nephrology. The aim of the document is to serve as an aid in the multidisciplinary management of the patient with CKD based on current recommendations and knowledge.

Obesidad abdominal y perfil lipídico en pacientes con hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita por déficit de 21 hidroxilasa / Abdominal Obesity and Lipid Profile in Patients with 21-Hydroxylase-Deficient Congenital Suprarenal Hyperplasia

RESUMEN Introducción: Existen discrepancias en relación con el aumento de la adiposidad abdominal de los pacientes con hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita (HSC) y la influencia sobre ella de factores clínicos, hormonales y relacionados con la dosis y el tiempo de uso del tratamiento esteroideo. Objetivo: Describir la relación entre la obesidad abdominal, la dosis, el tiempo de tratamiento esteroideo los niveles de andrógenos circulantes y el perfil lipídico en los pacientes tratados por este padecimiento. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, que incluyó a todos los niños y adolescentes con hiperplasia suprarrenal congénita por déficit de 21 hidroxilasa que recibían tratamiento esteroideo sustitutivo, atendidos en el departamento de endocrinología pediátrica del Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología durante el periodo 2000-2015. Se estudiaron variables clínicas, bioquímicas y hormonales. Para las variables cualitativas se calcularon frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes, media y desviación estándar para las variables cuantitativas. Se evaluaron asociaciones utilizando el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y la prueba chi cuadrado para evaluar la significación estadística de la posible asociación, considerada cuando p < 0,05. Resultados: Fueron estudiados 29 pacientes, 24 (82,8 por ciento) con sexo social femenino, una edad promedio de 10,9 ± 6,27 años, edad al diagnóstico de 1,9 años ± 2,7 años y edad de inicio del tratamiento 2,03 ± 2,7 años. Las formas clásicas predominaron con 23 pacientes (79,3 por ciento), 11 perdedoras de sal (47,8 por ciento) y 12 formas virilizantes simples, solo 6 correspondieron a las formas no clásicas (20,7 por ciento). En los tres grupos se comprobó adiposidad abdominal incrementada según el índice abdomen/talla (0,52 vs. 0,51 vs. 0,51). La utilización de mayores dosis de esteroides se correlacionó de manera positiva con mayor circunferencia de cintura (p < 0,05) y abdomen (p < 0.01). En 13 (44,8 por ciento) pacientes se comprobó obesidad abdominal y el perfil lipídico mostró valores normales en todos los casos estudiados. Conclusiones: La obesidad abdominal constituye un signo frecuente en los pacientes con HSC. Es preciso monitorear con precisión las dosis de esteroides empleadas, establecer estrategias de seguimiento más completas y estimular estilos de vida saludables, lo que redundará a largo plazo en menores consecuencias cardiometabólicas(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Some disagreement exists concerning the increase in abdominal adiposity in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and the influence of clinical, hormonal and dose-related factors and the time of steroid treatment use. Objective: To identify the presence of abdominal obesity and its relationship with the dose and time of steroid treatment, as well as with the levels of circulating androgens, and describe the lipid profile of these patients. Methods: Cross-sectional and descriptive study that included all the children and adolescents with 21-hydroxylase-deficient congenital adrenal hyperplasia and who received steroid replacement treatment, treated at the pediatric endocrinology department of the National Institute of Endocrinology, in the period 2000-2015. Clinical, biochemical and hormonal variables were studied. For the qualitative variables, absolute frequencies and percentages; mean and standard deviations were calculated for the quantitative variables. Associations were evaluated using the Spearman correlation coefficient. The chi-square test was used to evaluate the statistical significance of the possible association, considered when p < 0.05. Results: Twenty-nine patients were studied: 24 (82.8 percent) with female social sex, an average age of 10.9 ± 6.27 years, age of diagnosis at 1.9 ± 2.7 years, and age of treatment beginning at 2.03 ± 2.7 years. The classical forms predominated in 23 patients (79.3 percent): 11 salt losers (47.8 percent) and 12 simple virializing forms; only six corresponded to non-classical forms (20.7 percent). In the three groups, increased abdominal adiposity was found, according to abdomen/height index (0.52 vs. 0.51 vs. 0.51). The use of higher doses of steroids was correlated positively with greater circumference of waist (p < 0.05) and abdomen (p < 0.01). In 13 (44.8 percent) patients, abdominal obesity was found, while the lipid profile showed normal values in all the cases studied. Conclusions: Abdominal obesity is a frequent sign in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. It is necessary to monitor accurately the doses of steroids used, establish more comprehensive follow-up strategies, and encourage healthy lifestyles, which will result in fewer long-term cardiometabolic consequences(AU)

Composición corporal y factores relacionados en pacientes con hiperplasia adrenal congénita / Body composition and factors-related in patients diagnosed with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Introducción: Existen discrepancias en relación con la composición corporal de los pacientes con hiperplasia adrenal congénita (HAC) y la influencia de factores clínicos, hormonales y relacionados con el tratamiento esteroideo. Objetivo: Describir variables clínicas, antropométricas y de composición corporal de pacientes con hiperplasia adrenal congénita y determinar si existe relación entre esta y las variables antes mencionadas. Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal que incluyó a todos los pacientes con hiperplasia adrenal congénita y tratamiento esteroideo sustitutivo, atendidos en endocrinología pediátrica del Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología desde el 2000-2015. Se estudiaron variables clínicas y hormonales. Para las variables cualitativas se calcularon frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes, media y desviación estándar para las variables cuantitativas. Se evaluaron asociaciones utilizando el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y la prueba chi cuadrado para evaluar la significación estadística de la posible asociación. Resultados: Fueron estudiados 29 pacientes, de las cuales 24 (82,8 por ciento) mujeres. La edad promedio fue 10,9 ± 6,27 años, diagnóstico de 1,9 años ± 2,7 años y edad de inicio del tratamiento 2,03 ± 2,7 años. Predominó el color de la piel blanca: 19 (65,5 por ciento). En la mayoría de los pacientes predominaron altos porcentajes de masa magra y parámetros bioquímicos normales. El uso de mayores dosis de esteroides se correlacionó positivamente con mayor porcentaje de masa grasa, lo mismo sucedió desde el punto de vista clínico (no estadístico), con el mayor tiempo de tratamiento. Los niveles de testosterona plasmáticas no se relacionaron de manera significativa con las características de la composición corporal(AU)

Introduction: There is disagreement with respect to the body composition of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and the influence of clinical, hormonal and other factors involved in steroid therapy. Objective: Describe the clinical, anthropometric and body composition variables of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and determine whether there is a relationship between this condition and the aforementioned variables. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted of all congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients under replacement steroid therapy cared for at the pediatric endocrinology service of the National Institute of Endocrinology from 2000 to 2015. Clinical and hormonal variables were analyzed. Absolute frequencies and percentages were estimated for qualitative variables, whereas mean and standard deviation were used for quantitative variables. Associations were evaluated with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and the chi-square test was applied to evaluate the statistical significance of the possible association. Results: A total 29 patients were studied, of whom 24 (82.8 percent) were women. Mean age was 10.9 ± 6.27 years, diagnosis 1.9 ± 2.7 years and age at the start of therapy 2.03 ± 2.7 years. White skin color prevailed with 19 (65.5 percent). In most patients there was a predominance of high lean mass percentages and normal biochemical parameters. A positive correlation was found between the use of higher steroid doses and a higher lean mass percentage. The same occurred from a clinical (non-statistical) point of view with a longer therapy time. Plasma testosterone levels did not show a significant relationship to body composition characteristics(AU)

Composición corporal y factores relacionados en pacientes con hiperplasia adrenal congénita / Body composition and factors-related in patients diagnosed with congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Introducción: Existen discrepancias en relación con la composición corporal de los pacientes con hiperplasia adrenal congénita (HAC) y la influencia de factores clínicos, hormonales y relacionados con el tratamiento esteroideo. Objetivo: Describir variables clínicas, antropométricas y de composición corporal de pacientes con hiperplasia adrenal congénita y determinar si existe relación entre esta y las variables antes mencionadas. Método: Estudio descriptivo transversal que incluyó a todos los pacientes con hiperplasia adrenal congénita y tratamiento esteroideo sustitutivo, atendidos en endocrinología pediátrica del Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología desde el 2000-2015. Se estudiaron variables clínicas y hormonales. Para las variables cualitativas se calcularon frecuencias absolutas y porcentajes, media y desviación estándar para las variables cuantitativas. Se evaluaron asociaciones utilizando el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y la prueba chi cuadrado para evaluar la significación estadística de la posible asociación. Resultados: Fueron estudiados 29 pacientes, de las cuales 24 (82,8 por ciento) mujeres. La edad promedio fue 10,9 ± 6,27 años, diagnóstico de 1,9 años ± 2,7 años y edad de inicio del tratamiento 2,03 ± 2,7 años. Predominó el color de la piel blanca: 19 (65,5 por ciento). En la mayoría de los pacientes predominaron altos porcentajes de masa magra y parámetros bioquímicos normales. El uso de mayores dosis de esteroides se correlacionó positivamente con mayor porcentaje de masa grasa, lo mismo sucedió desde el punto de vista clínico (no estadístico), con el mayor tiempo de tratamiento. Los niveles de testosterona plasmáticas no se relacionaron de manera significativa con las características de la composición corporal(AU)

Introduction: There is disagreement with respect to the body composition of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and the influence of clinical, hormonal and other factors involved in steroid therapy. Objective: Describe the clinical, anthropometric and body composition variables of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and determine whether there is a relationship between this condition and the aforementioned variables. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted of all congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients under replacement steroid therapy cared for at the pediatric endocrinology service of the National Institute of Endocrinology from 2000 to 2015. Clinical and hormonal variables were analyzed. Absolute frequencies and percentages were estimated for qualitative variables, whereas mean and standard deviation were used for quantitative variables. Associations were evaluated with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, and the chi-square test was applied to evaluate the statistical significance of the possible association. Results: A total 29 patients were studied, of whom 24 (82.8 percent) were women. Mean age was 10.9 ± 6.27 years, diagnosis 1.9 ± 2.7 years and age at the start of therapy 2.03 ± 2.7 years. White skin color prevailed with 19 (65.5 percent). In most patients there was a predominance of high lean mass percentages and normal biochemical parameters. A positive correlation was found between the use of higher steroid doses and a higher lean mass percentage. The same occurred from a clinical (non-statistical) point of view with a longer therapy time. Plasma testosterone levels did not show a significant relationship to body composition characteristics(AU)

Documento de consenso para la detección y manejo de la enfermedad renal crónica / Consensus document for the detection and management of chronic kidney disease

La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es un importante problema de salud pública que puede afectar en sus diferentes estadios a cerca del 10% de la población española y que supone una elevada morbimortalidad, así como un importante consumo de recursos al Sistema Nacional de Salud. Diez sociedades científicas involucradas en el manejo del paciente renal nos hemos puesto de acuerdo para hacer una puesta al día del anterior documento de consenso sobre ERC de 2007. El presente es la edición abreviada del documento general extenso, que puede ser consultado en las páginas Web de cada una de las sociedades firmantes. Contiene los siguientes aspectos: definición, epidemiología y factores de riesgo de la ERC; criterios de diagnóstico, evaluación y estadificación de la ERC, albuminuria y estimación del filtrado glomerular; concepto y factores de progresión; criterios de derivación a nefrología; seguimiento del paciente, actitudes y objetivos por especialidad; prevención de la nefrotoxicidad; detección del daño cardiovascular; actitudes, estilo de vida y tratamiento: manejo de la hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia, hiperglucemia, tabaquismo, obesidad, hiperuricemia, anemia, alteraciones del metabolismo mineral y óseo; seguimiento coordinado por atención primaria-otras especialidades-nefrología; manejo del paciente en tratamiento renal sustitutivo, hemodiálisis, diálisis peritoneal y trasplante renal; tratamiento paliativo de la uremia terminal. Esperamos que sirva de gran ayuda en el manejo multidisciplinar del paciente con ERC, a la vista de las recomendaciones más actualizadas

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important global health problem, involving to 10% of the Spanish population, promoting high morbidity and mortality for the patient and an elevate consumption of the total health resources for the National Health System. This is a summary of an executive consensus document of ten scientific societies involved in the care of the renal patient, that actualizes the consensus document published in 2007. The central extended document can be consulted in the web page of each society. The aspects included in the document are: Concept, epidemiology and risk factors for CKD. Diagnostic criteria, evaluation and stages of CKD, albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate estimation. Progression factors for renal damage. Patient remission criteria. Follow-up and objectives of each speciality control. Nephrotoxicity prevention. Cardio-vascular damage detection. Diet, life-style and treatment attitudes: hypertension, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycemia, smoking, obesity, hyperuricemia, anemia, mineral and bone disorders. Multidisciplinary management for Primary Care, other specialities and Nephrology. Integrated management of CKD patient in haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant patients. Management of the uremic patient in palliative care. We hope that this document may be of help for the multidisciplinary management of CKD patients by summarizing the most updated recommendations

Documento de consenso para la detección y manejo de la enfermedad renal crónica / Consensus document for the detection and management of chronic kidney disease

La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es un importante problema de salud pública que puede afectar en sus diferentes estadios a cerca del 10% de la población española y que supone una elevada morbimortalidad, así como un importante consumo de recursos al Sistema Nacional de Salud. Diez sociedades científicas involucradas en el manejo del paciente renal nos hemos puesto de acuerdo para hacer una puesta al día del anterior documento de consenso sobre ERC de 2007. El presente es la edición abreviada del documento general extenso, que puede ser consultado en las páginas Web de cada una de las sociedades firmantes. Contiene los siguientes aspectos: definición, epidemiología y factores de riesgo de la ERC; criterios de diagnóstico, evaluación y estadificación de la ERC, albuminuria y estimación del filtrado glomerular; concepto y factores de progresión; criterios de derivación a nefrología; seguimiento del paciente, actitudes y objetivos por especialidad; prevención de la nefrotoxicidad; detección del daño cardiovascular; actitudes, estilo de vida y tratamiento: manejo de la hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia, hiperglucemia, tabaquismo, obesidad, hiperuricemia, anemia, alteraciones del metabolismo mineral y óseo; seguimiento coordinado por atención primaria-otras especialidades-nefrología; manejo del paciente en tratamiento renal sustitutivo, hemodiálisis, diálisis peritoneal y trasplante renal; tratamiento paliativo de la uremia terminal. Esperamos que sirva de gran ayuda en el manejo multidisciplinar del paciente con ERC, a la vista de las recomendaciones más actualizadas (AU)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important global health problem, involving to 10% of the Spanish population, promoting high morbidity and mortality for the patient and an elevate consumption of the total health resources for the National Health System. This is a summary of an executive consensus document of ten scientific societies involved in the care of the renal patient, that actualizes the consensus document published in 2007. The central extended document can be consulted in the web page of each society. The aspects included in the document are: Concept, epidemiology and risk factors for CKD. Diagnostic criteria, evaluation and stages of CKD, albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate estimation. Progression factors for renal damage. Patient remission criteria. Follow-up and objectives of each speciality control. Nephrotoxicity prevention. Cardio-vascular damage detection. Diet, life-style and treatment attitudes: hypertension, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycemia, smoking, obesity, hyperuricemia, anemia, mineral and bone disorders. Multidisciplinary management for Primary Care, other specialities and Nephrology. Integrated management of CKD patient in haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant patients. Management of the uremic patient in palliative care. We hope that this document may be of help for the multidisciplinary management of CKD patients by summarizing the most updated recommendations (AU)

Documento de consenso para la detección y manejo de la enfermedad renal crónica / Consensus document for the detection and management of chronic kidney disease

La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es un importante problema de salud pública que puede afectar en sus diferentes estadios a cerca del 10% de la población española y que supone una elevada morbimortalidad, así como un importante consumo de recursos al Sistema Nacional de Salud. Diez sociedades científicas involucradas en el manejo del paciente renal nos hemos puesto de acuerdo para hacer una puesta al día del anterior documento de consenso sobre ERC de 2007. El presente es la edición abreviada del documento general extenso, que puede ser consultado en las páginas Web de cada una de las sociedades firmantes. Contiene los siguientes aspectos: definición, epidemiología y factores de riesgo de la ERC; criterios de diagnóstico, evaluación y estadificación de la ERC, albuminuria y estimación del filtrado glomerular; concepto y factores de progresión; criterios de derivación a nefrología; seguimiento del paciente, actitudes y objetivos por especialidad; prevención de la nefrotoxicidad; detección del daño cardiovascular; actitudes, estilo de vida y tratamiento: manejo de la hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia, hiperglucemia, tabaquismo, obesidad, hiperuricemia, anemia, alteraciones del metabolismo mineral y óseo; seguimiento coordinado por atención primaria-otras especialidades-nefrología; manejo del paciente en tratamiento renal sustitutivo, hemodiálisis, diálisis peritoneal y trasplante renal; tratamiento paliativo de la uremia terminal. Esperamos que sirva de gran ayuda en el manejo multidisciplinar del paciente con ERC, a la vista de las recomendaciones más actualizadas

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important global health problem, involving to 10% of the Spanish population, promoting high morbidity and mortality for the patient and an elevate consumption of the total health resources for the National Health System. This is a summary of an executive consensus document of ten scientific societies involved in the care of the renal patient, that actualizes the consensus document published in 2007. The central extended document can be consulted in the web page of each society. The aspects included in the document are: Concept, epidemiology and risk factors for CKD. Diagnostic criteria, evaluation and stages of CKD, albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate estimation. Progression factors for renal damage. Patient remission criteria. Follow-up and objectives of each speciality control. Nephrotoxicity prevention. Cardio-vascular damage detection. Diet, life-style and treatment attitudes: hypertension, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycemia, smoking, obesity, hyperuricemia, anemia, mineral and bone disorders. Multidisciplinary management for Primary Care, other specialities and Nephrology. Integrated management of CKD patient in haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant patients. Management of the uremic patient in palliative care. We hope that this document may be of help for the multidisciplinary management of CKD patients by summarizing the most updated recommendations

Documento de consenso para la detección y manejo de la enfermedad renal crónica / Consensus document for the detection and management of chronic kidney disease

La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es un importante problema de salud pública que puede afectar en sus diferentes estadios a cerca del 10% de la población española y que supone una elevada morbimortalidad, así como un importante consumo de recursos al Sistema Nacional de Salud. Diez sociedades científicas involucradas en el manejo del paciente renal nos hemos puesto de acuerdo para hacer una puesta al día del anterior documento de consenso sobre ERC de 2007. El presente es la edición abreviada del documento general extenso, que puede ser consultado en las páginas Web de cada una de las sociedades firmantes. Contiene los siguientes aspectos: definición, epidemiología y factores de riesgo de la ERC; criterios de diagnóstico, evaluación y estadificación de la ERC, albuminuria y estimación del filtrado glomerular; concepto y factores de progresión; criterios de derivación a nefrología; seguimiento del paciente, actitudes y objetivos por especialidad; prevención de la nefrotoxicidad; detección del daño cardiovascular; actitudes, estilo de vida y tratamiento: manejo de la hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia, hiperglucemia, tabaquismo, obesidad, hiperuricemia, anemia, alteraciones del metabolismo mineral y óseo; seguimiento coordinado por atención primaria-otras especialidades-nefrología; manejo del paciente en tratamiento renal sustitutivo, hemodiálisis, diálisis peritoneal y trasplante renal; tratamiento paliativo de la uremia terminal. Esperamos que sirva de gran ayuda en el manejo multidisciplinar del paciente con ERC, a la vista de las recomendaciones más actualizadas

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important global health problem, involving to 10% of the Spanish population, promoting high morbidity and mortality for the patient and an elevate consumption of the total health resources for the National Health System. This is a summary of an executive consensus document of ten scientific societies involved in the care of the renal patient, that actualizes the consensus document published in 2007. The central extended document can be consulted in the web page of each society. The aspects included in the document are: Concept, epidemiology and risk factors for CKD. Diagnostic criteria, evaluation and stages of CKD, albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate estimation. Progression factors for renal damage. Patient remission criteria. Follow-up and objectives of each speciality control. Nephrotoxicity prevention. Cardio-vascular damage detection. Diet, life-style and treatment attitudes: hypertension, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycemia, smoking, obesity, hyperuricemia, anemia, mineral and bone disorders. Multidisciplinary management for Primary Care, other specialities and Nephrology. Integrated management of CKD patient in haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant patients. Management of the uremic patient in palliative care. We hope that this document may be of help for the multidisciplinary management of CKD patients by summarizing the most updated recommendations

[Consensus document for the detection and management of chronic kidney disease]. / Documento de consenso para la detección y manejo de la enfermedad renal crónica.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important global health problem, involving to 10% of the Spanish population, promoting high morbidity and mortality for the patient and an elevate consumption of the total health resources for the National Health System. This is a summary of an executive consensus document of ten scientific societies involved in the care of the renal patient, that actualizes the consensus document published in 2007. The central extended document can be consulted in the web page of each society. The aspects included in the document are: Concept, epidemiology and risk factors for CKD. Diagnostic criteria, evaluation and stages of CKD, albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate estimation. Progression factors for renal damage. Patient remission criteria. Follow-up and objectives of each speciality control. Nephrotoxicity prevention. Cardio-vascular damage detection. Diet, life-style and treatment attitudes: hypertension, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycemia, smoking, obesity, hyperuricemia, anemia, mineral and bone disorders. Multidisciplinary management for Primary Care, other specialities and Nephrology. Integrated management of CKD patient in haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant patients. Management of the uremic patient in palliative care. We hope that this document may be of help for the multidisciplinary management of CKD patients by summarizing the most updated recommendations.

[Consensus document for the detection and management of chronic kidney disease]. / Documento de consenso para la detección y manejo de la enfermedad renal crónica.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important global health problem, involving to 10% of the Spanish population, promoting high morbidity and mortality for the patient and an elevate consumption of the total health resources for the National Health System. This is a summary of an executive consensus document of ten scientific societies involved in the care of the renal patient, that actualizes the consensus document published in 2007. The central extended document can be consulted in the web page of each society. The aspects included in the document are: Concept, epidemiology and risk factors for CKD. Diagnostic criteria, evaluation and stages of CKD, albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate estimation. Progression factors for renal damage. Patient remission criteria. Follow-up and objectives of each speciality control. Nephrotoxicity prevention. Cardio-vascular damage detection. Diet, life-style and treatment attitudes: hypertension, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycemia, smoking, obesity, hyperuricemia, anemia, mineral and bone disorders. Multidisciplinary management for Primary Care, other specialities and Nephrology. Integrated management of CKD patient in haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant patients. Management of the uremic patient in palliative care. We hope that this document may be of help for the multidisciplinary management of CKD patients by summarizing the most updated recommendations.

[Consensus document for the detection and management of chronic kidney disease]. / Documento de consenso para la detección y manejo de la enfermedad renal crónica.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important global health problem, involving to 10% of the Spanish population, promoting high morbidity and mortality for the patient and an elevate consumption of the total health resources for the National Health System. This is a summary of an executive consensus document of ten scientific societies involved in the care of the renal patient, that actualizes the consensus document published in 2007. The central extended document can be consulted in the web page of each society. The aspects included in the document are: Concept, epidemiology and risk factors for CKD. Diagnostic criteria, evaluation and stages of CKD, albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate estimation. Progression factors for renal damage. Patient remission criteria. Follow-up and objectives of each speciality control. Nephrotoxicity prevention. Cardio-vascular damage detection. Diet, life-style and treatment attitudes: hypertension, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycemia, smoking, obesity, hyperuricemia, anemia, mineral and bone disorders. Multidisciplinary management for Primary Care, other specialities and Nephrology. Integrated management of CKD patient in haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplant patients. Management of the uremic patient in palliative care. We hope that this document may be of help for the multidisciplinary management of CKD patients by summarizing the most updated recommendations.

Concordance between automated oscillometric measurement of ankle-brachial index and traditional measurement by eco-Doppler in patients without peripheral artery disease.

AIM: To evaluate the concordance between automated oscillometric measurement (WatchBP® Office ABI) of the ankle- brachial index (ABI) and the traditional measurement by eco-Doppler in a Spanish population without peripheral artery disease attended in primary care. METHODS: The ABI was determined by both methods in a general population aged ≥ 18 years, from the RICARTO study. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the concordance between both techniques and the Bland-Altman plot was determined to analyze the agreement between them. RESULTS: A total of 322 subjects (mean age 47.7 ± 16.0 years; 54.3% women) were included in the study. With regard to cardiovascular risk factors, 70.5% of subjects had dyslipidemia, 26.7% hypertension, 24.8% obesity, 8.4% diabetes and 25.5% were smokers. Mean ABI measured by eco-Doppler and the automated method were 1.17 ± 0.1 and 1.2 ± 0.1, respectively (mean differences - 0.03 ± 0.09; p < 0.001). The Pearson correlation coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient were in both cases 0.70. CONCLUSIONS: The automated oscillometric measurement of ABI is a reliable and useful alternative to conventional eco-Doppler determination in the general population without peripheral artery disease attended in primary care.

Estrategias para un control eficaz de la hipertensión arterial en España. Documento de consenso / Strategies for effective control of hypertension in Spain. Consensus document

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