RESUMO
The ixodicidal activity of the methanolic extracts of Artemisia ludoviciana (Astereceae), Cordia boissieri (Boraginaceae) and Litchi chinensis (Sapindaceae) against two field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus from the state of Nuevo Leon (NL) and Veracruz (VER) was evaluated. The extract of L. chinensis in the concentration of 150 mg/ml showed efficacies of 100% and 99% against engorged females and mortalities of 98% and 99% against larvae. C. boissieri in the same concentration showed efficacies of 71% and 37% against engorged adults and mortalities of 33.04% and 10.33% against larvae and A. ludoviciana had efficacies of 94% and 83% in adults and mortalities of 89.39% and 89.21% against larvae in both populations respectively. The enzymatic activity of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Carboxylesterase (CaE), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) was measured in both populations of ticks. As a result, a significant difference between both populations was shown, being the VER population the one that exhibited a higher enzymatic activity (p ≤ 0.05). It can be concluded that the methanolic extract of the seed of L. chinensis shows potential ixodicidal activity and can be used as an alternative source of tick control, however, prior characterization, toxicity and formulation studies are necessary.
No presente trabalho, a atividade ixodicida de extratos metanólicos de Artemisia ludoviciana (Astereceae), Cordia boissieri (Boraginaceae) e Litchi chinensis (Sapindaceae) contra Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus foi avaliada em duas populações de campo nos estados de Nuevo León (NL) y Veracruz (VER). O extrato de L. chinensis na concentração de 150 mg/ml, apresentou eficácia de 100% e 99% contra fêmeas ingurgitadas, e taxas de mortalidade de 98% e 99% contra larvas. C. boissieri, na mesma concentração, apresentou eficácia de 71% e 37% contra adultas ingurgitados, e taxas de mortalidade de 33,04% e 10,33% contra larvas e A. ludoviciana apresentou eficácias de 94% e 83% em adultos e mortalidade de 89,39% e 89,21% contra larvas em ambas as populações respectivamente. Por outro lado, a atividade enzimática da Acetilcolinesterase (AChE), Carboxilesterase (CaE), Glutationa-S-Transferase (GST) e Fosfatase Alcalina (ALP) foi medida em ambas as populações de carrapatos. Como resultado, foi apresentada uma diferença significativa entre as populações, sendo a população VER a que apresentou maior atividade enzimática (p ≤ 0,05). Assim, pode-se concluir que o extrato metanólico da semente de L. chinensis apresenta potencial atividade ixodicida e pode ser utilizado como fonte alternativa de controle de carrapatos, porém estudos prévios de caracterização, toxicidade e formulação são necessários.
Assuntos
Extratos Vegetais , Artemisia , Cordia , Litchi , Rhipicephalus/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The ixodicidal activity of the methanolic extracts of Artemisia ludoviciana (Astereceae), Cordia boissieri (Boraginaceae) and Litchi chinensis (Sapindaceae) against two field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus from the state of Nuevo Leon (NL) and Veracruz (VER) was evaluated. The extract of L. chinensis in the concentration of 150 mg/ml showed efficacies of 100% and 99% against engorged females and mortalities of 98% and 99% against larvae. C. boissieri in the same concentration showed efficacies of 71% and 37% against engorged adults and mortalities of 33.04% and 10.33% against larvae and A. ludoviciana had efficacies of 94% and 83% in adults and mortalities of 89.39% and 89.21% against larvae in both populations respectively. The enzymatic activity of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Carboxylesterase (CaE), Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) was measured in both populations of ticks. As a result, a significant difference between both populations was shown, being the VER population the one that exhibited a higher enzymatic activity (p ≤ 0.05). It can be concluded that the methanolic extract of the seed of L. chinensis shows potential ixodicidal activity and can be used as an alternative source of tick control, however, prior characterization, toxicity and formulation studies are necessary.