Validation of S100B use in a cohort of Spanish patients with mild traumatic brain injury: a multicentre study.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to validate the S100B protein as a diagnostic tool for ruling out the presence of intracranial lesion (IL) after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Subjects with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15 and at least one neurological symptom post-trauma were selected from a large Spanish cohort. METHODS: A number of 260 patients with mTBI were enrolled. Blood samples were extracted within 6 h and CT scan performed within 24 h post-injury. Blood samples were also drawn from 18 healthy subjects. RESULTS: CT scan revealed the presence of IL in 22 patients (8.5%). Patients with mTBI had higher S100B serum levels (p = 0.008) than the healthy subjects (p < 0.001). The ROC analysis of S100B discriminated between patients with and without IL (AUC: 0.671; 95%CI: 0.574-0.769; p = 0.008). The multivariate analysis identified male gender (OR: 5.39; 95%CI: 1.45-20.10; p = 0.012), age > 65 (OR: 2.97; 95%CI: 1.04-8.44; p = 0.041) and S100B level >0.10 µg/L (OR: 7.93; 95%CI: 1.03-60.76; p = 0.046) as independent risk factors for IL in patients with mTBI. CONCLUSION: Measurement of S100B within 6 h of mTBI accurately predicts risk of IL in patients with a GCS score of 15 and at least one neurological symptom.

S100B and Neuron-Specific Enolase as mortality predictors in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: To determine temporal profile and prognostic ability of S100B protein and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) for prediction of short/long-term mortality in patients suffering from severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI). METHODS: Ninety-nine patients with sTBI were included in the study. Blood samples were drawn on admission and on subsequent 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. RESULTS: 15.2% of patients died in NeuroCritical Care Unit, and 19.2% died within 6 months of the accident. S100B concentrations were significantly higher in patients who died compared to survivors. NSE levels were different between groups just at 48 h. In the survival group, S100B levels decreased from 1st to 5th sample (p < 0.001); NSE just from 1st to 3rd (p < 0.001) and then stabilized. Values of S100B and NSE in non-survival patients did not significantly vary over the four days post sTBI. ROC-analysis showed that all S100B samples were useful tools for predicting mortality, the best the 72 h sample (AUC 0.848 for discharge mortality, 0.855 for six-month mortality). NSE ROC-analysis indicated that just the 48-h sample predicted mortality (AUC 0.733 for discharge mortality, 0.720 for six-month mortality). CONCLUSION: S100B protein showed higher prognostic capacity than NSE to predict short/long-term mortality in sTBI patients.