RESUMO
Resumen La conducta suicida en el contexto latinoamericano ha tenido un aumento en la frecuencia y la pertinencia de los instrumentos de su evaluación es indispensable para la psicología clínica y la psicometría. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la estructura factorial e invarianza del inventario de ideación suicida positiva y negativa PANSI con una muestra de Colombia y México, como evidencia de la validez de constructo del instrumento y su capacidad de medición transcultural. Se contó con 815 adultos (402 mexicanos y 413 colombianos), con una edad media de 30.08 años (DE = 12.05). Los resultados arrojaron dos factores correlacionados como en la versión original y en la versión adaptada con análisis exploratorio en Colombia. Se obtuvo evidencias de la validez de constructo corroborada con la muestra total y la de cada país, compuesta por un factor protector de ideación suicida positiva y un factor de riesgo manifiesto de ideación suicida negativa. En conclusión, el estudio generó un aporte al conocimiento sobre el valor transcultural al resultar invariantes en la medida de ideación suicida, lo que validó su aplicación en estas poblaciones.
Abstract Suicidal behavior in the Latin American context has had an increase in frequency and the relevance of its evaluation instruments is essential for clinical psychology and psychometrics. The purpose of the study was to analyze the factorial structure and invariance of the positive and negative suicidal ideation (PANSI) inventory with a sample from Colombia and Mexico, as evidence of the construct validity of the instrument and its cross-cultural measurability. There were 815 adults (402 Mexicans and 413 Colombians), with a mean age of 30.08 years (SD = 12.05). The results yielded the two correlated factors as in the original version and the adapted version with an exploratory analysis in Colombia. Evidence of the corroborated construct validity was obtained with the total sample and that of each country, composed of a protective factor of positive suicidal ideation and a manifest risk factor of negative suicidal ideation. In conclusion, the study generated a contribution to knowledge about the cross-cultural value by resulting invariant in the measure of suicidal ideation, which validated its application in these populations.
RESUMO
Over a two-year period, we surveyed natural areas of the Mayan rainforest in Quintana Roo, Mexico. We found 11 species of Anastrepha Schiner (Diptera: Tephritidae) infesting 25 species of fruits belonging to ten plant families. We report the first records of 10 host plant species of the genus Anastrepha, which include the first report of a plant family (Putranjivaceae) serving as host of Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) infesting Drypetes lateriflora (Sw.) Krug and Urb. (Putranjivaceae). Pouteria reticulata (Engl.) Eyma (Sapotaceae) was found, for the first time, to be infested by Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann) and by a new undescribed species of Anastrepha. We also report Casimiroa microcarpa Lundell (Rutaceae) as a possible ancestral host for the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), in Central America. The family Sapotaceae was the best-represented host group with three fruit fly species recovered: A. serpentina, an economically-important species, found in eight host plants, and A. hamata and A. sp. (new species). We recorded six species of koinobiont parasitoids: Doryctobracon areolatus Szepligeti, Utetes (Bracanastrepha) anastrephae Viereck, Opius hirtus Fisher, and Doryctobracon zeteki Musebeck, (all Braconidae), and Aganaspis pelleranoi (Brethés) and Odontosema anastrephae Borgmeier, (both Figitidae). All these parasitoid species represent at least a new report for their host plants. Of the whole parasitoid community, D. areolatus was the most important parasitoid species with 52.7% of presence in 12 host plant species, parasitizing six fruit fly species. The interaction between fruit flies and their parasitoids with host plants depends on fruit availability, which is crucial for the survival of each of these species. Conserving the landscape of the Mayan rainforest is important not only for species conservation, but also for the maintenance of fruit fly host plants in orchard agroecosystems in southeastern Mexico.
