Compra y consumo de alimentos ante el confinamiento por SARSCoV-2 en un grupo de pacientes pertenecientes a una Clínica de Salud Incluyente en la Ciudad de México / Purchase and food consumption among a group of patients in an Inclusive Health Clinic due to confinement of SARS-CoV-2

Fundamentos: Se tiene poca información sobre compra y consumo de alimentos ante el confinamiento por SARSCoV-2 en pacientes socioeconómicamente vulnerables. El objetivo fue evaluar la compra y consumo de alimentosante confinamiento por SARS-CoV-2 de pacientes con sobrepeso u obesidad pertenecientes a una Clínica de Salud Incluyente en la Ciudad de México. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal analítico, con pacientes de ambos sexos, entre 30 y 70 años, con sobrepeso u obesidad, sin ansiedad y depresión severa. Vía telefónica, se preguntó por la compra y el consumo de alimentos, percepción de cambios de peso corporal y tiempo para preparar alimentos. Se aplicó estadística descriptiva, pruebas de chi-cuadrado y razón de momios. El nivel de significancia fue de 0,05. Resultados: Muestra de 30 pacientes, 50% sexo femenino, con una edad promedio 57,2 ± 5,9 años. La más alta percepción de aumento de precio y escasez fue en los grupos de frutas, verduras y alimentos de origen animal. Consumen dieta completa en frutas y verduras: 33,3%; alimentos de origen animal: 56% y cereales: 100% de los pacientes. Se determinó que el 6,7% tenía dieta inocua y el 43,3% variada. La percepción de aumento de precio de alimentos de origen animal y leguminosas se relacionó con la de aumento de peso corporal (OR:21; IC95% 1,833- 240,52 y OR:35; IC95% 1,780-693,41). Conclusiones: Durante confinamiento, la percepción de aumento de precio y escasez de frutas, verduras y alimentos de origen animal puede explicar su bajo consumo. Las recomendaciones de nutrición deberán facilitar consumo de frutas, verduras, leguminosas y alimentos de origen animal entre pacientes socioeconómicamente vulnerables. (AU)

Background: There is little information on the purchase and consumption of food in the face of confinement in underserved patients. Objective: To evaluate purchase and consumption of food during the confinement due to SARS-CoV-2 among overweight or obese patients in an Inclusive Health Clinic in Mexico City. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional analytical study, with patients of both sexes, between 30 and 70 years old, with overweight or obesity, without severe anxiety and depression. Through telephone calls, purchase and consumption of food, changes in body weight perception and in the time to prepare food were asked. Descriptive statistics, chi square and odd ratios were applied. The significance level 0.05. Results: The sample of 30 patients, 50% women, average age 57.2 (+5.9) years. The highest proportion of perception of price increase and scarcity was in the fruits and vegetables and animal products. With complete diet in fruits and vegetables: 33.3%; animal products: 56% and cereals: 100%. From all, 6.7% innocuous diet and 43% varied diet. The perception of increase price in animal products and legumes is related to perceiving an increase in body weight (OR: 21; 95% CI: 1.833-240.52 and OR: 35; 95% CI 1.780-693.41). Conclusions: During confinement, the perception of price increase and scarcity in fruits, vegetables and animal products explain the low amount of consumption. Conclusion: Based on our results, the nutrition recommendations need to facilitate consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes and animal products among uderserved patients. (AU)

Evaluation of a new connected portable camera for the analysis of skin microrelief and the assessment of the effect of skin moisturisers.

BACKGROUND: Silicone replicas and non-contact methods are effective methods to analyse the micrometric scale of the skin microrelief. Yet, they imply data capture in research facilities. The capabilities of a new connected portable camera were evaluated to analyse microrelief under nomadic conditions, also studying the effect of moisturisers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 3D depth maps were constructed using shape-from-shading algorithms. Roughness heterogeneity (Spa) was computed, and skin profiles were extracted to calculate roughness amplitude (Ra, Rq), as well as furrows/plateaus characteristics. Validation of the connected camera was performed on tanned cowhide leather and on the inner forearm skin of a single subject. The forearms of 18 subjects (23-60 years old) were also evaluated. While living their regular life, they self-performed triplicate acquisitions at various times. The effects of a placebo and of cream containing moisturisers-saccharide isomerate, urea or xylitylglucoside-anhydroxylitol-xylitol-were investigated, using untreated control skin as a reference. RESULTS: Validation of the device on leather and forearm skin shows high repeatability. The 18 subjects show the known correlation between age and changes in microrelief. While testing formulas, 8 h after a single application, all decreased Spa (-1.6/-2.1 folds). Only saccharide isomerate and xylitylglucoside-anhydroxylitol-xylitol decreased Ra (-2.4/-2.8 folds). The sectional area of plateaus was reduced from -1.5 (urea) to -2.1 folds (xylitylglucoside-anhydroxylitol-xylitol). The height of plateaus is also decreased by all moisturisers, from -1.5 (urea) to -2.1 folds (xylitylglucoside-anhydroxylitol-xylitol). CONCLUSION: This novel camera device enables microrelief analysis under nomadic conditions, allowing monitoring its changes along the day and upon moisturisers' application.

Phenotypic intrapopulation variation in quinoa from the department of Boyacá, Colombia / Variación fenotípica intrapoblacional en quinua en el departamento de Boyacá, Colombia

ABSTRACT Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) is an Andean crop that originated from the Andes of South America, with great agronomic, industrial, pharmaceutical potential and also a great capacity to tolerate adverse environmental factors. In Colombia, more accurately in the Department of Nariño, Cauca, Cundinamarca and Boyacá. Shows great genetic variation, both molecular and morphological, which organization remains poorly documented. In Boyacá, there are few studies on the morphological characterization of cultivated materials, and there is no certified planting material, with farmers planting a mixture of materials. Qualitative and quantitative descriptors and principal component and cluster analyses were used to characterize the structure of the intra-population phenotypic variation in Blanca de Jericó quinoa materials grown in the Department of Boyacá. The principal component analysis explained more than 70 % of the observed variation, with the AP, LP, DP, LHS, and AHS characteristics being more variable. The cluster analysis showed grouping by characteristics, such as AP, panicle color, and the presence of pigmented axillae. Results show that the variance in morpho-phenological traits was concentrated at the intra-population, due to high variation at the inter-individual level. A more efficient selection process should be carried out to find materials or "pure" varieties with higher yields, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, and adaptation to local conditions, which make quinoa an economically profitable crop in the Boyacá department.

RESUMEN La quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) es un cultivo andino, originario de los Andes Suramericanos, con gran potencial agronómico, industrial y farmacéutico y también con una gran capacidad para tolerar factores ambientales adversos. En Colombia, actualmente, se cultiva en los departamentos de Nariño, Cauca, Cundinamarca y Boyacá. Presenta una gran variación genética, tanto a nivel molecular como morfológica, la cual, ha sido poco documentada. En Boyacá son pocos los estudios de caracterización morfológica de materiales cultivados y no hay material de siembra certificado, por lo que los agricultores siembran una mezcla de materiales. Descriptores cualitativos y cuantitativos y un análisis de componentes principales y de agrupamiento fueron usados para caracterizar la estructura de la variación fenotípica intrapoblacional de los materiales de quinua Blanca Jericó, que son cultivados en el departamento de Boyacá. El análisis de componentes principales explicó más del 70 % de la variación observada, siendo las características más variables AP, LP, DP, LHS y AHS. El análisis clúster mostró un agrupamiento por características, tales como AP, color de la panícula y presencia de axilas pigmentadas. Los resultados mostraron que la variación en las características morfológicas estaba concentrada dentro de la población, debido a la alta variación, a nivel inter-individual. Se deben llevar a cabo procesos de selección más eficientes para encontrar materiales "puros" o variedades con más altos rendimientos, con resistencia a factores bióticos y abióticos y adaptados a las condiciones locales, para así hacer de la quinua un cultivo económicamente rentable para el departamento de Boyacá.

Extraction and Quantification of Saponins in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Genotypes from Colombia.

Quinoa has a high nutraceutical potential because of the presence of secondary metabolites called saponins, which have industrial and medicinal uses and protect against attacks by pathogens. These compounds are found especially in the seed coat and give the grain a bitter taste; therefore, they must be eliminated before consumption. Despite the potential use in Colombia, there are few studies aimed at quantifying this metabolite. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate two extraction methodologies (physical and chemical) and two methods for quantifying saponins in five quinoa genotypes grown in Colombia. The most efficient extraction method was the physical method. The saponin contents of the five genotypes were variable. The cluster analysis differentiated the genotypes into two groups: low saponin content (<4.49 mg/g seed) and high saponin content (>14.76 mg/g seeds). Blanca de Jericó had the lowest saponin content (<0.40%), and Amarilla de Maranganí had the highest content (>0.18%). Identifying more efficient methodologies for extracting and quantifying saponins will allow a better characterization of the germplasm and selection of genotypes with desirable characteristics for both consumption and industrial use.

Phenotypic Diversity of Morphological Characteristics of Pitahaya (Selenicereus Megalanthus Haw.) Germplasm in Colombia.

Yellow pitahaya is an exotic fruit that is rich in essential nutrients and antioxidants. In Colombia, it grows naturally in warm areas, but it is not clear which species exist because this genus presents a lot of intra and interspecific hybridization. More studies are needed in this field along with characterizations of the genotypes. This study aimed to undertake an in situ morphoagronomic evaluation of yellow pitahaya genotypes from five municipalities in Boyacá, Colombia. Measurements were taken in a completely random design. Qualitative and quantitative descriptors for cladodes, fruits and covered production systems were evaluated with a descriptive analysis, Spearman correlation variance, and multivariate and cluster analysis. The results showed that cladode characteristics such as cladode width, distance between areoles, number of spines, length of areoles, margin ribs of cladode and waxiness could be used to identify Megalanthus spp. Characteristics such as weight (270-274 g), size (100 mm), color of the fruit and pulp as well as acidity (0.18) and soluble solids (15.7) were highly variable between the genotypes. Genotypes with good morphological and fruit characteristics were identified (Gen2 and Gen9), which can provide the bases for the selection of pitahaya that satisfy the needs of farmers and consumers.

Phenotypic Characterization of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) for the Selection of Promising Materials for Breeding Programs.

Quinoa is an ancestral crop in the Andean region, characterized by its adaptability to different agroclimatic conditions, great nutritional value, and broad genetic variability. A preliminary approach for understanding the genetics of quinoa materials entails a morphologic characterization, which can provide the basis for the selection of materials that satisfy the needs of farmers and consumers. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic characteristics of thirty genetic C. quinoa accessions for the selection of outstanding accessions in terms of yield and grain quality. A randomized complete block design was used, with nine replications for each accession under greenhouse conditions. Nine quantitative and twelve qualitative descriptors were evaluated with descriptive analysis, Spearman correlation variance, and multivariate and cluster analysis. The results showed that the accessions with heights greater than the average (>176.72 cm) and long panicles (>57.94 cm) presented lower yields and smaller seed sizes, thus decreasing the grain quality. The multivariate and cluster analyses established groups of accessions with good yields (>62.02 g of seeds per plant) and stable morphological characteristics. The proposed selection index, based on yield components and morphological descriptors, indicated four accessions as potential parents for quinoa breeding programs in Colombia.

Stimul W® y Heberprot-P® unidos en el tratamiento de la úlcera del pie diabético / Stimul W® and Heberprot-P® combined for treating diabetic foot ulcer

Introducción: Las úlceras del pie diabético resultan las complicaciones más frecuentes en las personas con diabetes. Se conocen diferentes formas de tratamiento para esta enfermedad, con más o menos efectividad, pero no resuelven el problema en la totalidad de los casos. El estimulador eléctrico Stimul W® y el medicamento Heberprot-P® se han empleado, de manera independiente y con resultados satisfactorios, como alternativas para el tratamiento de estas lesiones. Comprobar si la acción combinada de ambos procedimientos permite alcanzar mejores resultados, permitiría contribuir a resolver un problema de alta prevalencia mundial. Objetivo: Exponer el resultado de la aplicación de la combinación del estimulador Stimul W® y el medicamento Heberprot-P® en el tratamiento de un paciente con úlcera del pie diabético. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 69 años de edad, con diabetes mellitus de tipo 2, que presentaba una úlcera del pie diabético en la parte externa del pie derecho, con abundante tejido necrótico en forma de fístula en la base de los dos dedos restantes y falta de granulación. Los tratamientos anteriores no dieron el resultado esperado. Se decidió, como terapia de curación, aplicar durante 12 sesiones la combinación del estimulador Stimul W® y el medicamento Heberprot-P®. Conclusiones: Se logró la cicatrización de la lesión, al obtener un 100 por ciento de tejido de granulación y la disminución significativa de sus dimensiones, lo que mostró que la terapia aplicada constituye una alternativa para el tratamiento de este tipo de úlcera(AU)

Introduction: Diabetic foot ulcers are the most frequent complications in people with diabetes. Different forms of treatment for this disease are known, with more or less effectiveness; but they do not solve the problem in all cases. The electrical stimulator Stimul W® and the drug Heberprot-P® have been used independently, and with satisfactory outcomes, as alternatives for the treatment of these lesions. Checking whether the combined action of both procedures allows to achieve better outcomes would contribute to solve a problem of high worldwide prevalence. Objective: To present the outcomes of applying the combination of the stimulator Stimul W® and the drug Heberprot-P® for treating a patient with diabetic foot ulcer. Case presentation: A 69-year-old male patient, with type 2 diabetes mellitus, who presented with a diabetic foot ulcer on the outside of the right foot, with abundant necrotic tissue in the form of a fistula at the base of the two remaining toes and lack of granulation. The previous treatments did not permit the expected outcomes. It was decided, as a healing therapy, to apply the combination of the stimulator Stimul W® and the drug Heberprot-P® for twelve sessions. Conclusions: Healing of the lesion was achieved by obtaining 100 percent granulation tissue and a significant reduction in its dimensions, which showed that the applied therapy constitutes an alternative for the treatment of this type of ulcer(AU)

Production of Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) with Ultra-High Molecular Weight (UHMW) by Mutant Strains of Azotobacter vinelandii Under Microaerophilic Conditions.

Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) is a biopolymer, which presents characteristics similar to those of plastics derived from the petrochemical industry. The thermomechanical properties and biodegradability of P3HB are influenced by its molecular weight (MW). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the changes of the molecular weight of P3HB as a function of oxygen transfer rate (OTR) in the cultures using two strains of Azotobacter vinelandii, a wild-type strain OP, and PhbZ1 mutant with a P3HB depolymerase inactivated. Both strains were grown in a bioreactor under different OTR conditions. An inverse relationship was found between the average molecular weight of P3HB and the OTRmax, obtaining a polymer with a maximal MW (8000-10,000 kDa) from the cultures developed at OTRmax of 5 mmol L-1 h-1 using both strains, with respect to the cultures conducted at 8 and 11 mmol L-1 h-1, which produced a P3HB between 4000 and 5000 kDa. The increase in MW of P3HB was related to the activity of enzymes involved in the synthesis and depolymerization. Overall, our results show that it is possible to modulate the average molecular weight of P3HB by manipulating oxygen transfer conditions with both strains (OP and PhbZ1 mutant) of A. vinelandii.

Genetic Analysis of Chelonid Herpesvirus 5 in Marine Turtles from Baja California Peninsula.

The Chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) is the primary etiological agent associated with fibropapillomatosis (FP), a neoplastic disease in marine turtles. In this study, we report for the first time ChHV5 in marine turtles and a leech from Baja California Peninsula. Eighty-seven black, olive or loggerhead turtle species, one FP tumor and five leeches were analyzed. The tumor sample from an olive, a skin sample from a black and a leech resulted positive of ChHV5 for conventional PCR. Two viral variants were identified and grouped within the Eastern Pacific phylogenetic group, suggesting a possible flow of the virus in this region.

Tricuspid valve-in-valve procedure: a step-by-step guideline.

Objective: The aim of this study was to present a valve-in-valve (ViV) case and a step-by-step guideline on how to perform this procedure. Methods: A 51-year-old female with a history of rheumatic heart disease and tricuspid valve replacement presented functional class deterioration, a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) revealed prosthetic dysfunction due to thrombosis; therefore, a valvular replacement with a 27 mm bioprosthesis (Carpentier-Edwards Perimount) was performed without complication. 3 years after the procedure, the patients presented functional class deterioration (NYHA-III) with tricuspid dysfunction by TEE and the heart team decided to perform a transcatheter tricuspid ViV replacement.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un caso clínico de un paciente en el cual se realizó el procedimiento valve-in-valve (ViV) en la válvula tricúspide junto con una guía de cómo llevar a cabo este procedimiento paso a paso. Metodología: Paciente femenino de 51 años de edad con antecedente de Cardiopatía Reumática presenta deterioro en clase funcional encontrándose por ecocardiografía transesofágica (ETE) disfunción de válvula protésica tricúspide secundario a trombosis, se realiza recambio valvular con prótesis biológica 27 mm (Carpentier Edwards Perimount) sin complicación. 3 años después, presenta deterioro de la clase funcional (NYHA-III) y se evidencia en ETE disfunción protésica tricúspide por lo cual se decide realizar un reemplazo ViV tricúspide transcatéter.

Tricuspid valve-in-valve procedure: a step-by-step guideline.

Objective: The aim of this study was to present a valve-in-valve (ViV) case and a step-by-step guideline on how to perform this procedure. Methods: A 51-year-old female with a history of rheumatic heart disease and tricuspid valve replacement presented functional class deterioration, a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) revealed prosthetic dysfunction due to thrombosis; therefore, a valvular replacement with a 27 mm bioprosthesis (Carpentier-Edwards Perimount) was performed without complication. 3 years after the procedure, the patients presented functional class deterioration (NYHA-III) with tricuspid dysfunction by TEE and the heart team decided to perform a transcatheter tricuspid ViV replacement.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un caso clínico de un paciente en el cual se realizó el procedimiento valve-in-valve (ViV) en la válvula tricúspide junto con una guía de cómo llevar a cabo este procedimiento paso a paso. Metodología: Paciente femenino de 51 años de edad con antecedente de Cardiopatía Reumática presenta deterioro en clase funcional encontrándose por ecocardiografía transesofágica (ETE) disfunción de válvula protésica tricúspide secundario a trombosis, se realiza recambio valvular con prótesis biológica 27 mm (Carpentier Edwards Perimount) sin complicación. 3 años después, presenta deterioro de la clase funcional (NYHA-III) y se evidencia en ETE disfunción protésica tricúspide por lo cual se decide realizar un reemplazo ViV tricúspide transcatéter.

Tricuspid valve-in-valve procedure: a step-by-step guideline / Valve-in-valve tricúspide una guía paso a paso

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to present a valve-in-valve (ViV) case and a step-by-step guideline on how to perform this procedure. Methods: A 51-year-old female with a history of rheumatic heart disease and tricuspid valve replacement presented functional class deterioration, a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) revealed prosthetic dysfunction due to thrombosis; therefore, a valvular replacement with a 27 mm bioprosthesis (Carpentier-Edwards Perimount) was performed without complication. 3 years after the procedure, the patients presented functional class deterioration (NYHA-III) with tricuspid dysfunction by TEE and the heart team decided to perform a transcatheter tricuspid ViV replacement.

Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un caso clínico de un paciente en el cual se realizó el procedimiento valve-in-valve (ViV) en la válvula tricúspide junto con una guía de cómo llevar a cabo este procedimiento paso a paso. Metodología: Paciente femenino de 51 años de edad con antecedente de Cardiopatía Reumática presenta deterioro en clase funcional encontrándose por ecocardiografía transesofágica (ETE) disfunción de válvula protésica tricúspide secundario a trombosis, se realiza recambio valvular con prótesis biológica 27 mm (Carpentier Edwards Perimount) sin complicación. 3 años después, presenta deterioro de la clase funcional (NYHA-III) y se evidencia en ETE disfunción protésica tricúspide por lo cual se decide realizar un reemplazo ViV tricúspide transcatéter.

Youngswick-Austin versus distal oblique osteotomy for the treatment of Hallux Rigidus.

BACKGROUND: Hallux Rigidus is the most common degenerative joint pathology of the foot. Several procedures are described for the management of this deformity. In this prospective study we compared Youngswick-Austin and distal oblique osteotomy in the treatment of grade II Hallux Rigidus, in terms of clinical outcomes, efficacy and complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-six patients (50 feet) with moderate Hallux Rigidus (Regnauld grade II) were recruited and operated between March 2009 and December 2012. Surgical technique was Youngswick-Austin osteotomy (Group A) or distal oblique osteotomy (Group B). RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 42.7 ±12.2 (range, 24-70) months. Both groups achieved significant improvement of AOFAS score and first metatarsophalangeal joint range of motion (p value <.05). The mean AOFAS score improved from a preoperative score of 44.1 ±11.8 to 89.2 ± 9.4 (24 months) in Group A and from 40.9 ±11.3 to 89.5 ±7.2 (24 months) in Group B. At 24 months, the average improvement of first metatarsophalangeal joint range of motion was 20.9° in Group A and 22.4° in Group B. The postoperative AOFAS score and joint range of motion were comparable in both groups. DISCUSSION: For this specific patient population Youngswick-Austin and distal oblique osteotomies provides subjective patient improvement and increases the first metatarsophalangeal joint range of motion. The results of grade II Hallux Rigidus treatment were comparable when using a Youngswick-Austin or distal oblique osteotomy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, prospective comparative study.

Detection and Genotyping of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Specimens with the HPV Direct Flow CHIP System.

The novel HPV Direct Flow CHIP commercial system for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping is based on rapid PCR and automatic reverse dot blot hybridization to genotype-specific probes, allowing the detection of 36 HPV genotypes. This study examined the performance of HPV Direct Flow CHIP in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples (n= 99). Each sample was analyzed both by Direct PCR, using crude cell extracts without DNA purification, and by conventional PCR, using purified DNA. Pair-wise analysis of the results demonstrated strong concordance between the results obtained with the two protocols, although a slightly higher rate of multiple infections was detected by conventional PCR. In summary, HPV Direct Flow CHIP achieves effective HPV detection from FFPE samples with both Direct PCR and Conventional PCR protocols.

HPV Direct Flow CHIP: a new human papillomavirus genotyping method based on direct PCR from crude-cell extracts.

HPV Direct Flow CHIP is a newly developed test for identifying 18 high-risk and 18 low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes. It is based on direct PCR from crude-cell extracts, automatic flow-through hybridization, and colorimetric detection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of HPV Direct Flow CHIP in the analysis of 947 samples from routine cervical screening or the follow-up of abnormal Pap smears. The specimens were dry swab samples, liquid-based cytology samples, or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. The genotype distribution was in agreement with known epidemiological data for the Spanish population. Three different subgroups of the samples were also tested by Linear Array (LA) HPV Genotyping Test (n=108), CLART HPV2 (n=82), or Digene Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) HPV DNA Test (n=101). HPV positivity was 73.6% by HPV Direct Flow CHIP versus 67% by LA, 65.9% by HPV Direct Flow CHIP versus 59.8% by CLART, and 62.4% by HPV Direct Flow CHIP versus 42.6% by HC2. HPV Direct Flow CHIP showed a positive agreement of 88.6% with LA (k=0.798), 87.3% with CLART (k=0.818), and 68.2% with HC2 (k=0.618). In conclusion, HPV Direct Flow CHIP results were comparable with those of the other methods tested. Although further investigation is needed to compare the performance of this new test with a gold-standard reference method, these preliminary findings evidence the potential value of HPV Direct Flow CHIP in HPV vaccinology and epidemiology studies.

Executive function in eating disorders: the role of state anxiety.

OBJECTIVE: We examined the influence of depression and anxiety on executive function in individuals with a DSM-IV diagnosis of anorexia nervosa-restricting type, anorexia nervosa-binge-eating/purging type, bulimia nervosa, or eating disorder not otherwise specified. METHOD: We assessed 106 women after their inpatient treatment in an eating disorders program. All participants were nutritionally stable at the time of testing. RESULTS: Thirty percent of the total sample showed impaired performance on one or more tests of executive function. No differences in executive function were observed among diagnostic groups. Anxiety scores accounted for significant variance in performance for all groups. DISCUSSION: Executive function deficits were found in a minority of our sample, with significant variance in performance accounted for by self-reported anxiety. State anxiety appears to contribute to diminished executive function in women with eating disorders.

El discurso literario caribeño, baluarte identitario de la cultura latinoamericana / The Caribbean literary discourse, identity bholds of Latin American culture

La literatura caribeña, por filiación histórico - cultural, pertenece a y es fiel exponente de la cultura latinoamericana. Su literariedad se ha construido sobre la base de un discurso identitario de defensa de su cultura única y, a la vez plural, que la distingue de los referentes occidentales preestablecidos por los centros de poder socioeconómico. El siguiente trabajo muestra los momentos y fases fundamentales de la evolución y desarrollo de la expresión identitaria caribeña a través de una selección cuidadosa de ejemplos de su discurso literario, con vistas a promover una cabal comprensión de los valores extra literarios de esta literatura. Puesto que este discurso literario se alza sobre un supuesto ideoestético de profunda raigambre ontológica, aproximarse a él presupone penetrar en la esencia de la historia y del patrimonio cultural de esta área. Por ello, dado el valor de este tema, se recomienda su estudio por la importancia que tiene para la formación sociocultural de los docentes cubanos, especialmente aquellos que laboran en entornos multiculturales.

Due to historical and cultural filiations, the Caribbean literature is part and a true example of the Latin American culture. Its literary particularities are based on an identity discourse, which defends a unique and, at the same time, plural culture that distinguishes it from western referents pre-established by socioeconomic power centers. This paper presents the fundamental evolution and development phases of the Caribbean identity expression. Some examples of this literary discourse were carefully selected to further an accurate understanding of its extra literary values. Since this literary discourse is based on an aesthetic ideal of deeply ontological roots, an approach to it means penetrating the essence of the region’s history and cultural patrimony. The study of the topic is important to form Cuban professors socioculturally, particularly those who work in multicultural environments.

Humanizing access to modern contraceptive methods in national hospitals in Guatemala, Central America.

BACKGROUND: The overall situation in Guatemala, Central America, regarding programs caring for women's reproductive health has been lagging behind for some decades. Since the year 2000, 56% of Guatemalan families have lived below the poverty line. Guatemala has one of the highest fertility rates (lifetime births per woman) in Latin America and the Caribbean countries, comparable to those observed in less developed countries in Africa. Considering the lack of sex education, poor access to effective contraceptive methods and issues of unwanted pregnancy, Guatemalan women engage in illegal and unsafe abortions, which often causes harm and sometimes death. A key strategy designed to improve women's health is through free and informed access to contraceptive methods that are effective and accepted by Guatemalan women. STUDY DESIGN: From July 1, 2003, to December 31, 2006, specially hired trained facilitators visited 22 public hospitals for 1 week to train corresponding physician staff in postabortion counseling, enabling them to assist patients to select and use an effective contraceptive method. To monitor the progress achieved, the trained facilitators returned 4 weeks later. The main purpose of the training was to focus in strengthening the understanding and technical capacity of the hospital staff to implement postabortion contraceptive counseling and to enable women to obtain an effective contraceptive method prior to hospital discharge. RESULTS: Out of 22 hospitals, 21 managed to improve their record for counseling patients admitted for postabortion complications, from 31% to 96%. Furthermore, the percentage of women being discharged from the hospital with an effective contraceptive method rose from 20% to 64% from 2003 to 2006. CONCLUSION: The successful results obtained during this study to meet postabortion demands by Guatemalan women point out to the urgent need for the government to expand this initiative within the national health system, including health centers nationwide. This is one of the worldwide recommendations previously made by the World Health Organization.

Competencia Comunicativa: Evolución cronológica del término y sus elementos constitutivos / Communicative Competence: Chronological Evolution of the Term and its Constituents

La competencia comunicativa surge como uno de los elementos constitutivos de la competencia profesional. Su definición ha variado a través de los años, lo que ha traído aparejado el surgimiento de diversas escuelas y tendencias en diferentes países. Disímiles son las áreas del saber que han analizado la competencia comunicativa. El siguiente trabajo presenta un desglose cronológico del surgimiento, evolución y desarrollo de dicho concepto, a partir de algunas de las figuras más representativas dentro de este campo. Dada la importancia que la misma posee, no solo para la enseñanza de idiomas sino para otras disciplinas que se nutren de los postulados y teorías que esta proclama, se hace necesario su estudio y profundización en aras de perfeccionar y enriquecer los contenidos y programas que conforman la carrera de Medicina y, de este modo, dar un paso de avance en los esfuerzos por graduar médicos más capaces y mejor preparados.

Communicative competence appears as a constituent element of professional competence. Its concept has varied through the years, which has brought about the emergence of different schools and trends in various countries. Communicative competence has been analyzed by dissimilar areas of science. This work presents a chronological study of the emergence, evolvement and development of the term from the ideas of the most outstanding personalities in the field. Given the relevance of the topic, not only for the teaching of foreign languages but for many other disciplines that are fuelled by the postulates and theories that it proclaims, it is necessary to study and deepen into the concept as a way to enrich and improve the contents and syllabuses which are part of the Medicine career curriculum so that a step forward is taken in the efforts to educate more capable and better prepared doctors.

E7 oncoprotein of novel human papillomavirus type 108 lacking the E6 gene induces dysplasia in organotypic keratinocyte cultures.

The genome organization of the novel human papillomavirus type 108 (HPV108), isolated from a low-grade cervical lesion, deviates from those of other HPVs in lacking an E6 gene. The three related HPV types HPV103, HPV108, and HPV101 were isolated from cervicovaginal cells taken from normal genital mucosa (HPV103) and low-grade (HPV108) and high-grade cervical (HPV101) intraepithelial neoplasia (Z. Chen, M. Schiffman, R. Herrero, R. DeSalle, and R. D. Burk, Virology 360:447-453, 2007, and this report). Their unusual genome organization, against the background of considerable phylogenetic distance from the other HPV types usually associated with lesions of the genital tract, prompted us to investigate whether HPV108 E7 per se is sufficient to induce the above-mentioned clinical lesions. Expression of HPV108 E7 in organotypic keratinocyte cultures increases proliferation and apoptosis, focal nuclear polymorphism, and polychromasia. This is associated with irregular intra- and extracellular lipid accumulation and loss of the epithelial barrier. These alterations are linked to HPV108 E7 binding to pRb and inducing its decrease, an increase in PCNA expression, and BrdU incorporation, as well as increased p53 and p21(CIP1) protein levels. A delay in keratin K10 expression, increased expression of keratins K14 and K16, and loss of the corneal proteins involucrin and loricrin have also been noted. These modifications are suggestive of infection by a high-risk papillomavirus.