[Frecuency of diagnosis of bone lesions in cases of anterior glenohumeral dislocation]. / Frecuencia de diagnóstico de lesiones óseas en luxación glenohumeral anterior.

BACKGROUND: Shoulder dislocation is a common reason for admission in the emergency room. Its recurrence rate may be as high as 96% due to the associated bone lesions. The purpose of this study is to identify the underreporting of lesions comparing those identified in the initial X-ray with those identified in the post-reduction X-ray. MATERIAL AND METHODS: X-rays of 46 patients with suspected anterior glenohumeral dislocation were assessed for diagnostic purposes and to identify the initial bone lesions. After patients had undergone reduction, post-reduction serial bone X-rays (AP, Stryker, Westpoint) were taken and analyzed looking for bone lesions that were initially missed. RESULTS: Bone lesions were identified in 26.1% of the patients based on the initial AP X-rays. In 67.6% of the patients without a pre-reduction fracture a bone lesion was found in the post-reduction serial X-rays. CONCLUSIONS: The underreporting rate of bone lesions was 67.6% comparing the initial AP X-rays with the post-reduction serial bone X-rays.

ANTECEDENTES: Las luxaciones de hombro son motivo común de consulta en las salas de emergencia; presentan un alto índice de recurrencia (hasta 96%) a causa de las lesiones óseas asociadas. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar un subregistro de lesiones identificadas en radiografía inicial comparada con radiografía postreducción. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se evaluaron las radiografías de 46 pacientes con sospecha de luxación glenohumeral anterior para diagnóstico e identificación de lesiones óseas iniciales; posteriormente, se realizó reducción y se analizó la serie ósea radiográfica postreducción (AP, Stryker y West Point) para evidenciar lesiones óseas subdiagnosticadas inicialmente. RESULTADOS: Se identificó lesión ósea en 26.1% de los individuos en la radiografía AP en un primer momento; de las personas que no mostraron fractura prerreducción, en 67.6% se encontró lesión ósea en las series radiográficas postreducción. CONCLUSIONES: Se encontró un subdiagnóstico de 67.6% de las lesiones evidentes en la serie ósea postreducción en comparación con la radiografía AP inicial.

A review of the impact of oxidative stress and some antioxidant therapies on renal damage.

An increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) leads to complications during chronic kidney disease (CKD). This increase essentially derives from the impairment of natural antioxidant systems of the organism. The resulting oxidative stress produces damage to kidney tissue, especially by affecting nephrons and more generally by disrupting the function and structure of the glomerulus and interstitial tubule. This leads to a rapid decline in the condition of the patient and finally renal failure. Possible causes of kidney tissue damage are explored, as are different therapies, especially those related to the administration of antioxidants.

[Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and bilateral vitritis]. / Enfermedad de Charcot-Marie-Tooth y vitritis bilateral.

CASE REPORT: We describe a patient diagnosed with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, with a 4 months history of bilateral decreased visual acuity and floaters. On examination, he had severe bilateral vitreous opacity and sectoral diffuse vascular sheathing. It could not be linked to some underlying aetiology and did not respond to oral steroids. CONCLUSIONS: Publications relating to ocular findings in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease exclude bilateral vitritis. In this case we were unable to test the association with another disease as the cause of vitritis.

Congenital proptosis secondary to orbital teratoma. Clinicopathological study.

CASE REPORT: A newborn male with right proptosis secondary to a retroocular mass. Ophthalmological examination also showed corneal ulcer and perforation, iris hernia, total ophthalmoplegia, chemosis and eyelid retraction. The histopathology diagnosis was mature teratoma. DISCUSSION: Teratomas are tumors composed of a mixture of mature tissues consisting of 3 germ layers. Congenital teratomas of the orbit are very rare and should be included as a possibility in cases with a primary tumor in the orbit.

Tillandsia usneoides L, a biomonitor in the determination of Ce, La and Sm by neutron activation analysis in an industrial corridor in Central Mexico.

The atmosphere of the Tula Industrial Corridor in Central Mexico is contaminated due to several industries including oil refining while station monitoring in this area are limited. Lanthanides are considered fingerprint of oil refinery activities, and La, Ce and Sm have been previously detected in this area using filters. The suitability of T. usneoides as a biomonitor assessing the La, Ce and Sm concentrations in Particulate Matter is evaluated by NAA. Results of both biomonitor and filters are highly correlated.

Phase transformations and age-hardening behaviors related to Au3Cu in Au-Cu-Pd alloys.

Phase transformation behaviors in Au-Cu-Pd alloys were investigated by means of electrical resistivity measurements, hardness tests, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Anisothermal and isothermal annealing were performed. Two types of phase transformations were found, namely related to the single phase of Au3Cu and the coexistent phase of Au3Cu and AuCu I. The latter produced more remarkable hardening than the former. Hardening was brought about by the antiphase domain size effect of Au3Cu ordered phase in the single phase and by the formation of AuCu I ordered phase in the Au3Cu ordered matrix. There are three modes of phase transformation in the coexistent region depending on the composition. Each sequence is discussed.

Phase transformation mechanisms in (AuCu)1-xPdx pseudobinary alloys by direct aging method.

Phase transformation mechanisms in the AuCu-Pd pseudobinary system were studied by means of electrical resistivity measurements, hardness tests, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. A direct aging method was employed to eliminate the otherwise unavoidable ordering that takes place rapidly during quenching into ice brine, hence it is important to distinguish the ordering processes with and without an incubation period. Three phase transformation modes occurred, namely; ordering at grain boundaries and in the grain interior with nucleation and growth mechanism after incubation, and spinodal ordering without any incubation period. The age-hardening of the alloys examined was attributed to AuCu I ordering. Nucleation and growth mechanism followed by twinning occurred in the specimens aged at higher temperatures, while spinodal ordering was seen in specimens aged in lower temperature. The spinodal ordering temperature of AuCu-Pd alloys increased according to Pd content.