Cost-Effectiveness of the Comprehensive Interdisciplinary Program-Care in Informal Caregivers of People with Alzheimer's Disease.

People with Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis who get informal care remain at home longer, reducing the demand for healthcare resources but increasing the stress of caregiving. Research on the effectiveness of physical training, psychoeducational, cognitive-behavioural, and health education programs in reducing the caregiver load and enhancing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) exist, but none exist about an integrated interdisciplinary program. The goals of this project are (1) to assess the Integral-CARE Interdisciplinary Program (IP) applicability, safety, effects on HRQoL, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for AD caregivers; (2) to evaluate the IP applicability and cost-effectiveness to enhance the physical, psychoemotional, cognitive-behavioural dimensions, and the health education status of informal caregivers, and (3) to study the transference of the results to the public and private sectors. A randomized controlled trial will be conducted with an experimental (IP) and a control group (no intervention). The PI will be conducted over nine months using face-to-face sessions (twice a week) and virtual sessions on an online platform (once a week). There will be an initial, interim (every three months), and final assessment. Focus groups with social and health agents will be organized to determine the most important information to convey to the public and private sectors in Extremadura (Spain). Applicability, safety, HRQoL, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, and HRQoL will be the main outcome measures, while secondary measures will include sociodemographic data; physical, psychoemotional, health education, and cognitive-behavioural domains; program adherence; and patient health status. Data will be examined per procedure and intention to treat. A cost-effectiveness study will also be performed from the viewpoints of private and public healthcare resources.

Depression and Exercise in Older Adults: Exercise Looks after You Program, User Profile.

INTRODUCTION: Depression is a challenge for public health policies, as it is the number one leading cause of disability in the world. In order to combat and prevent it, different social and health interventions are being developed to promote health through physical activity. OBJECTIVE: Analyze and describe the user profile of the patients with depression from the Exercise Looks After You program, which is a physical activity program that works on improving public health and has an essential role preventing chronic diseases and improving the quality of life of the elderly in Extremadura. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: total sample of 1972 users (96.4% women, 3.6% men), of whom 724 (94.6% women, 5.4% men) suffer from depression. RESULTS: It was observed that the dominant user profile of the patients with depression within the program is female, 71 years old, physically active, overweight, married, with low educational level, non-smoker, no alcohol consumption and below average physical fitness and health-related quality of life, which translates into a high incidence of primary care, nursing and prescription visits. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents the user profile of depressive versus non-depressive participants of the Exercise Looks After You physical activity program. This data could be meaningful in order to improve and optimize public health programs and resources.

Health-Related Quality of Life Norm Data of the Peruvian Adolescents: Results Using the EQ-5D-Y.

(1) Introduction: There is a growing interest in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in adolescent population. The EQ-5D-Y is a generic HRQOL instrument that allows adolescents to understand the health status of different levels of physical, mental, and social health. This study was carried out with an adolescent population in Peru. The main objective of this article is to report the normative values of the EQ-5D-Y questionnaire in Peruvian adolescents. (2) Methods: The EQ-5D-Y questionnaire was administered to Peruvian adolescent students. A total of 1229 young people participated in the survey. The EQ-5D-Y score was reflected as a function of sex and age. (3) Results: The mean utility index of the EQ-5D-Y for the total sample was 0.890; this rating was significantly better for males at (0.899) and females at (0.881). The ceiling effect was higher for adolescent males with (47.3) females (40.7). (4) Conclusions: The results of the present study provide evidence that schooled adolescents show a positive perception of HRQOL.

The effects of whole-body muscle stimulation on body composition and strength parameters: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: This study will analyze the effect of Whole Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) in strength and body composition outcomes in adult population. METHODS: This study will search the following electronic databases up to July 21, 2020: PubMed, WOS, Scopus, SPORTDiscus y EMBASE. There will be no language limitation. Two authors will independently identify titles/abstracts and full text all potential studies, and will collect data from eligible studies. Additionally, study quality will be assessed by PEDro Scale risk of bias. We will conduct meta-analysis if enough trials are included. RESULTS: This study will explore the effects of WB-EMS in strength and body composition outcomes. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study may summarize the effectiveness of WB-EMS in increasing strength and improving body composition in adult population. INPLASY REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202120050.

Association between 30-s Chair Stand-Up Test and Anthropometric Values, Vibration Perception Threshold, FHSQ, and 15-D in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, worldwide disease affecting more than 400 million people. This pathology involves several associated problems, such as diabetic neuropathy complications, obesity, and foot problems, both in terms of health and sensitivity. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the relationships of the 30-s chair stand-up test with the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ), the vibration perception threshold (VPT), and the 15-dimensional (15-D) questionnaire in T2DM people. METHODOLOGY: Ninety participants with T2DM were assessed in terms of fat mass percentage, VPT, foot health, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and the 30-s chair stand-up test. RESULTS: The 30-s chair stand-up test was found to exhibit a moderate relationship with "physical activity" (rho = 0.441; p ≤ 0.001) and "vigor" (rho = 0.443; p ≤ 0.001) from FHSQ. The 30-s chair stand-up test was also found to be weakly associated with foot pain (rho = 0.358; p = 0.001), 15-D total score (rho = 0.376; p ≤ 0.001), "sleeping" (rho = 0.371; p < 0.001), and "depression" (rho = 0.352; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The 30-s chair stand-up test is associated with "physical activity", "vigor", and "foot pain" from the FHSQ and the 15-D questionnaire total score and its dimensions "sleeping" and "depression" in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Therefore, following the results obtained, qualified clinicians can use the 30-s chair stand-up test as a good tool for monitoring and managing type 2 diabetes.

El entrenamiento de Vibración de Cuerpo Completo no mejora el Umbral de Sensibilidad a la Vibración Periferica: estudio controlado aleatorizado doble ciego / Whole Body Vibration training not improves perception thresohld in patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2: double-blind randomized controlled study

OBJETIVOS: El propósito de este estudio es comprobar los efectos de un entrenamiento de Vibración de Cuerpo Completo (VCC) de 8 semanas sobre el Umbral de Sensibilidad a la Vibración Periférica (USVP) en personas con Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipo 2. CONFIGURACIÓN Y DISEÑO: Estudio controlado aleatorizado a doble ciego (ISRCTN16866781). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Un total de 76 personas con DM tipo 2 son incluidas en el análisis estadístico, siendo repartidos 39 pacientes en el grupo de VCC y 37 pacientes en el grupo placebo. A ambos grupos se les aplicó un entrenamiento de 8 semanas de VCC, siendo 3 sesiones por semana, para ser en total 24 sesiones de VCC y de placebo. Se les evaluó el USVP a través del Biotensiómetro Vibratron II antes de la intervención y después de las 8 semanas de entrenamiento. ANÁLISIS ESTADÍSTICO UTILIZADO: Para comprobar que los grupos eran comparables en la línea base en cuanto a las características de los participantes se realizó una prueba T para muestras independientes. Para determinar si la intervención de VCC había tenido efecto sobre el USVP, se realizó un ANCOVA, utilizando como covariable el nivel inicial del USVP. La significación estadística fue establecida en P <,05. RESULTADOS: El grupo de VCC y el grupo placebo fueron comparables en la línea base en todas las variables incluídas para la caracterización de la muestra. El entrenamiento de VCC no tuve ningún efecto estadísticamente significativo sobre el USVP. CONCLUSIONES: Tras un entrenamiento de Vibración de Cuerpo Completo de 8 semanas de duración no hubo efectos sobre el umbral de sensibilidad a la vibración periférica

AIMS: The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of an 8-week Whole Body Vibration (WBV) training on the Peripheral Vibration Sensitivity Threshold (PVST) in people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2. SETTING AND DESIGN: A double-blind randomized controlled study (ISRCTN16866781). Methods and Material: A total of 76 people with DM type 2 are included in the statistical analysis, 39 patients in the WBV group and 37 patients in the placebo group. Both groups were given 8 weeks of WBV training, 3 sessions per week, for a total of 24 sessions of WBV and placebo. The PVST was assessed through the Biotensiometer Vibratron II before the intervention and after the 8 weeks of training. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: To check that the groups were comparable at the baseline in terms of participant characteristics, a T-test for independent samples was performed. To determine whether the WBV intervention had had an effect on the PVST, an ANCOVA was performed, using the initial level of the PVST as a covariate. Statistical significance was established at P <.05. RESULTS: The WBV group and the placebo group were comparable at baseline on all variables included for sample characterization. The WBV training had no statistically significant effect on the PVST. CONCLUSIONS: After 8 weeks of Whole Body Vibration training there was no effect on the Peripheral Vibration Sensitivity Threshold

No se ha encontrado relación entre el Umbral de la Sensibilidad y el cuestionario FHSQ en personas con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 / No association can be determined between Peripheral Vibration Sensitivity Threshold and the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) in a population of people with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

OBJETIVOS: El propósito de este estudio es determinar la correlación entre el Umbral de Sensibilidad a la Vibración Periférica (USVP) y el cuestionario de salud del pie FHSQ. CONFIGURACIÓN Y DISEÑO: Estudio de corte transversal descriptivo (ISRCTN16866781). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Un total de 88 personas con DM tipo 2 han sido incluidas en el análisis estadístico, siendo 55 hombres y 33 mujeres. A ambos grupos se les evaluó el USVP a través del Biotensiómetro Vibratron II y se les aplicó el cuestionario de salud del pie (FHSQ). ANÁLISIS ESTADÍSTICO UTILIZADO: Para comprobar que los grupos eran comparables en la línea base en cuanto a las características y el género de los participantes se realizó una prueba T para muestras independientes y un análisis de U-Mann Whitney. Para establecer el grado de correlación entre las 8 dimensiones del cuestionario FHSQ y el USVP se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman, dado que las puntuaciones de las 8 dimensiones del FHSQ seguían una distribución no paramétrica. Para disminuir la probabilidad de cometer un error de tipo I, al tratarse de una correlación múltiple, se ha aplicado la corrección de Bonferroni, estableciendo el nivel de significación en p<.006. RESULTADOS: No existe asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el USVP y las dimensiones del cuestionario de salud del pie FHSQ, tras aplicarle la corrección de Bonferroni. CONCLUSIONES: En este estudio no se ha encontrado ninguna asociación estadísticamente significativa, tras la aplicación de la corrección de Bonferroni, entre el Umbral de la Sensibilidad a la Vibración Periférica y el cuestionario de la salud de pie Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ)

AIMS: The purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between the Peripheral Vibration Sensitivity Threshold (PVST) and the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A descriptive cross-sectional study (ISRCTN16866781). METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 88 people with DM type 2 were included in the statistical analysis, 55 men and 33 women. Both groups were evaluated the PVST through the Vibratron II Biotensiometer and the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: To check that the groups were comparable at the baseline in terms of participant characteristics and gender, were carried out a T-test for independent samples and a U-Mann Whitney analysis. To establish the degree of correlation between the 8 dimensions of the FHSQ questionnaire and the PVST, the Spearman correlation coefficient was used, given that the scores of the 8 dimensions of the FHSQ followed a non-parametric distribution. To reduce the probability of committing a type I error, since it is a multiple correlation, the Bonferroni correction has been applied, establishing the significance level at p<.006. RESULTS: There is no statistically significant association between the PVST and the dimensions of the FHSQ, after applying Bonferroni's correction. CONCLUSIONS: In this study no statistically significant association was found, after the application of Bonferroni's correction, between the recording of the Peripheral Vibration Sensitivity Threshold test and the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ)

Acute Effects of a Whole Body Vibration Session on the Vibration Perception Threshold in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that affects millions of people, and according to the International Diabetes Federation, 46.5% of people have undiagnosed diabetes. One of the most common complications of diabetes mellitus is loss of peripheral sensation. Whole Body Vibration (WBV) is a therapy, and it would be interesting to know if it can be considered as a training method to improve the Vibration Perception Threshold (VPT). The aim of the study is to verify whether there are really acute effects on the VPT after a WBV training session in people with T2DM. METHODS: Ninety people with T2DM (56 men and 34 women) were randomly allocated to two groups: the WBV group and the placebo group. The ninety subjects went through a VPT training test before receiving the assigned intervention, and they performed the VPT test using the Vibratron II device. RESULTS: After one session of WBV, an increase of the VPT in the WBV group was found, with respect to the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Vibration perception threshold is increased after a WBV training session in people with T2DM, compared to a placebo group.

Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) in Spanish People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Preliminary Values Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. T2DM affects millions of people, and has a lot of complications such as impaired sensation in the feet. Moreover, it is important to know the health of the feet of people with T2DM. The aim of this study is to know the preliminary values of the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) in people with T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 87 patients with T2DM with an average age of 65.56 years, divided in 54 men and 33 women, participated in this cross-sectional study. The main outcome was the health of the foot as measured by the FHSQ questionnaire. This questionnaire collects data on eight dimensions: Foot Pain, Foot Function, Shoe, General Foot Health, General Health, Physical Activity, Social Capacity, and Vigor. RESULTS: Patients with T2DM have lower values in Foot Pain; median values in General Foot Health and high values in Foot Function, Shoe, Physical Activity and Social Capacity. Some of these dimensions are affected by age, diabetes control, Body Mass Index (BMI), and years of diagnosis. Females with T2DM have more problems than males in the Shoe, General Foot Health, Physical Activity and Vigor dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: this research gives us preliminary values of the FHSQ in Spanish patients with T2DM and divided by gender, age, diabetes control, BMI, and years of diagnosis in people with T2DM.

A New Assessment for Activities of Daily Living in Spanish Schoolchildren: A Preliminary Study of its Psychometric Properties.

BACKGROUND: Activities of daily living (ADL), which are divided into basic (BADL) and instrumental (IADL), allows us to survive and to live in the society. Cognitive skills are a key aspect in BADL outcomes. After reviewing existing BADL tools for Spanish schoolchildren, issues such as not covering the full age range or not having a BADL-centred vision were found. We aim to develop a new tool for BADL assessment in Spanish schoolchildren. METHODS: The new tool was administered to 375 participants (47.2% boys and 52.8% girls) from 6 to 12 years of age. Analyses were carried out to find out the structure (semiconfirmatory factor analysis) and internal consistency (ordinal alpha) of BADL. RESULTS: Four scales formed the instrument (Eating, Personal Hygiene, Getting Dressed, and General Functioning) with an interpretable solution of 12 factors (Manual Dexterity, Proprioception, Oral Sensitivity, Good Manners, Hygiene and Grooming, Toileting Needs Communication, Bladder and Bowel Control, Showering, Independent Dressing Tasks, Full Dressing, Executive Functions, and Self-Regulation) with 84 items + 6 qualitative items for girls. The reliability values obtained were acceptable (.70-.88). CONCLUSIONS: The tool seems to be a practical and reliable instrument to assess BADL and cognitive skills during BADL in Spanish schoolchildren.

Association between TUG and Anthropometric Values, Vibration Perception Threshold, FHSQ and 15-D in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease and it is characterized by reduced insulin sensitivity and/or impaired insulin production. It affects approximately 415 million people worldwide and involves a variety of complications. DM has a number of complications, including diabetic neuropathy. All of these complications can have effects on body composition, vibration perception threshold (VPT), foot health and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between the Timed Up and Go (TUG), VPT, Foot Health Status Questionnaire and 15-D Questionnaire in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. Methodology: A total of 90 T2DM patients (56 men and 34 women) were evaluated on their body composition, VPT, the foot health status through the FHSQ, the HRQoL was evaluated through the 15-D Questionnaire and the TUG test was performed. Results: Statistically significant associations were found between TUG and lean and fat mass, VPT, the sections "General Foot Health" and "Physical Activity" in the FHSQ questionnaire, and the 15D total score and its sections "Mobility" and "Depression". Conclusions: There is a moderate direct correlation between the Timed Up and Go and the fat mass percentage and the vibration perception threshold. Moreover, there is a moderate inverse correlation between Timed Up and Go and fat-free mass, foot health and health-related quality of life in T2DM patients. Therefore, Timed Up and Go can be a tool to assist clinicians in monitoring and managing T2DM patients.

Test-Retest Reliability of Vibration Perception Threshold Test in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by fasting hyperglycemia. It affects approximately 415 million people worldwide and involves a variety of complications. One of them is the loss of sensitivity to peripheral vibration. OBJECTIVE: Our study aims to discover the test-retest reliability of a procedure for assessing vibration sensitivity in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODOLOGY: 90 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (56 men and 34 women) performed the vibration perception threshold (VPT) test using the Vibratron II device. A re-test was completed seven days after the first reading. RESULTS: The relative reliability of the VPT test result is excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.96). The same applies to gender and obesity subgroups. Regarding absolute reliability, the standard error of measurement is 8.99%, and the small real difference is 24.94%. CONCLUSIONS: The relative and absolute reliability results of the vibration perception threshold in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus offer excellent results.

Effects of 8-Week Whole-Body Vibration Training on the HbA1c, Quality of Life, Physical Fitness, Body Composition and Foot Health Status in People with T2DM: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.

The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of an 8-week whole-body vibration (WBV) on the quality of life, physical fitness, body composition, glycosylate hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, and foot health status in people with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It was performed as a double-blinded randomized controlled trial of 90 people with T2DM. Primary care facilities were used. The 8-week WBV training consisted of maintaining a knee flexion at 45° during five to nine series of 30-60 s in a vibration frequency that oscillated between 12.5-18.5 and 30 s of recovery between series. The placebo group had to perform the same protocol but without vibration. Participants performed the protocol three times per week. The WBV training significantly reduced the fat mass (%) of people with T2DM. However, significant effects of WBV training were not found in the quality of life, physical fitness, foot health status, lipid profile, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, or HbA1c. Nevertheless, within groups enhances were found in HbA1c, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, foot health status, health-related quality of life, timed-up and go test, and chair-stand test in both WBV and placebo groups. WBV was shown to be beneficial for reducing the fat mass and lipid profile of people with T2DM. The improvements of the placebo group could be due to both the social benefits of enrolling in an intervention and the physical fitness benefits of isometric contractions. Further studies are needed to clarify the effects of WBV and to establish a dose-response relationship in people with T2DM.