And Harm Reduction for All.

The Harm Reduction Act, a groundbreaking piece of legislation in New Mexico, provided for the legal use of paraphernalia by New Mexican residents so long as they could present their yellow sharps cards. Unfortunately, tribal governments in New Mexico were not consulted in these changes in harm reduction practices. As a result, Native American persons in New Mexico cannot access harm reduction services as freely as any other New Mexican can-and harm reduction programs are desperately needed in New Mexico. In this commentary, I examine the impact that the Harm Reduction Act has had on Native American populations in New Mexico and suggest opportunities for improving collaboration between state and tribal governments and community-based organizations.

The Role of Law Enforcement Officers/Police in Drug Prevention within Educational Settings-Study Protocol for the Development of a Guiding Document Based on Experts' Opinions.

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime-World Health Organization International Standards on Drug Use Prevention-reflects the value of safe, nurturing and supportive social institutions around the lives of youths to benefit from the prevention of risky behavior extending beyond individually-developed resilience for healthy adolescent development. Schools are valuable social institutions to this effect and school safety and adolescent health outcomes can be threatened by drug use and violence. As such, collaborative, multi-level, evidence-based, developmentally sensitive, substance use prevention programs are imperative. The International Standards, in their latest version, did not reflect specific evidence of law enforcement officer-based programs with effect on drug use prevention, including in school settings. Nevertheless, the collaboration between law enforcement agencies and school-based substance use prevention programs continue to be the focus of research and policy. In this project, we aim to explore in more detail the role of law enforcement in preventing substance use in schools. We use mixed methods, including three phases: (i) scoping review on the best practices for effective law enforcement in school-based drug and crime prevention; (ii) interviews with experts, using the Delphi method, in substance use prevention and training law enforcement in school-based drug prevention; and iii) developing guidelines for law enforcement based on the findings. Initially, we identified a total of 17 papers that were categorized in four categories based on their results (negative or null effect n = 11 studies, positive effect n = 1 study, mixed effects n = 4 studies and indefinite conclusion n = 1 study). However, the authors of the studies with negative or null effect did recommend being cautious about these results due to the respective studies' methodological limitations. The actual and perceived roles of police are largely unclear and/or variable. Therefore, clear outlines regarding law enforcement's role within schools are crucial as one study showed that an officer's role influences how they respond to student conduct. A secondary emergent theme from this review indicates that there is potential for positively impacting a youth's perceptions of police through collaborative and engaging school-based programs. Currently the project is gradually moving to Phase II, where we are identifying the key experts based on scientifically published peer reviewed and grey literature/guidelines to investigate elements that make the role of law enforcement officers in school-based prevention more effective. Given the frequency with which policy makers around the world request information about the role of law enforcement in effective prevention efforts, guidelines on their roles within schools is a gap that needs to be filled. Such efforts would improve drug prevention in schools and better orient law enforcement's role in drug prevention within educational settings.

[Invasive Fusariosis: Report of Three Cases in Peru]. / Fusariosis invasiva: reporte de tres casos en Perú.

Fusarium species are a group of fungi that cause superficial infections, locally invasive and disseminated disease, which occur mainly in immunocompromised hosts, and occasionally in immunocompetent individuals. We present three cases that show three different clinical forms of Fusarium spp. disease that affected different types of patients (patients with hematological malignancy, chronic kidney disease in peritoneal dialysis and post-surgical for osteoarticular pathology), each with its own characteristics that merit discussion. These cases show different clinical forms of invasive fusariosis caused by Fusarium solani complex species in patients with different pathologies and therapeutic management that could be risk factors for the development of the disease. The clinical recognition of fusariosis, not only in oncohematological patients, together with a timely diagnosis and treatment contribute to the success of the treatment and a reduction in mortality.

Las especies de Fusarium son un grupo de hongos que causan infecciones superficiales, localmente invasivas y enfermedad diseminada, que ocurren principalmente en huéspedes inmunocomprometidos, y ocasionalmente en individuos inmunocompetentes. Presentamos tres casos que ponen en manifiesto tres diferentes formas clínicas de la enfermedad por Fusarium spp., que afectaron diversos tipos de pacientes (pacientes con malignidad hematológica, enfermedad renal crónica en diálisis peritoneal y post-quirúrgico por patología osteoarticular), cada una con características propias que ameritan su discusión. Estos casos ponen de manifiesto diferentes formas clínicas de fusariosis invasiva causadas por especies del complejo Fusarium solani en pacientes con diferentes patologías y manejo terapéutico que podrían ser factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de la enfermedad. El reconocimiento clínico de la Fusariosis, no solo en pacientes oncohematólogicos, junto con un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno contribuyen al éxito del tratamiento y a una reducción en la mortalidad.

Fusariosis invasiva: reporte de tres casos en Perú / Invasive Fusariosis: Report of Three Cases in Peru

RESUMEN Las especies de Fusarium son un grupo de hongos que causan infecciones superficiales, localmente invasivas y enfermedad diseminada, que ocurren principalmente en huéspedes inmunocomprometidos, y ocasionalmente en individuos inmunocompetentes. Presentamos tres casos que ponen en manifiesto tres diferentes formas clínicas de la enfermedad por Fusarium spp., que afectaron diversos tipos de pacientes (pacientes con malignidad hematológica, enfermedad renal crónica en diálisis peritoneal y post-quirúrgico por patología osteoarticular), cada una con características propias que ameritan su discusión. Estos casos ponen de manifiesto diferentes formas clínicas de fusariosis invasiva causadas por especies del complejo Fusarium solani en pacientes con diferentes patologías y manejo terapéutico que podrían ser factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de la enfermedad. El reconocimiento clínico de la Fusariosis, no solo en pacientes oncohematólogicos, junto con un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno contribuyen al éxito del tratamiento y a una reducción en la mortalidad.

ABSTRACT Fusarium species are a group of fungi that cause superficial infections, locally invasive and disseminated disease, which occur mainly in immunocompromised hosts, and occasionally in immunocompetent individuals. We present three cases that show three different clinical forms of Fusarium spp. disease that affected different types of patients (patients with hematological malignancy, chronic kidney disease in peritoneal dialysis and post-surgical for osteoarticular pathology), each with its own characteristics that merit discussion. These cases show different clinical forms of invasive fusariosis caused by Fusarium solani complex species in patients with different pathologies and therapeutic management that could be risk factors for the development of the disease. The clinical recognition of fusariosis, not only in oncohematological patients, together with a timely diagnosis and treatment contribute to the success of the treatment and a reduction in mortality.