RESUMO
Introducción y objetivos. La colecistectomía de urgencia por laparoscopia en el adulto mayor con colecistitis aguda, ha aumentado en el mundo. En Colombia no existe información al respecto. En este estudio se evalúan los resultados del procedimiento, efectuando un análisis discriminado por subgrupos de edad. Métodos. Análisis descriptivo de los factores demográficos, clínicos, bioquímicos y de imágenes diagnósticas, en una población de adultos mayores sometidos a colecistectomía por laparoscopia de urgencia en comparación con la población general. Se evaluó la tasa de morbilidad, de mortalidad, conversión y estancia hospitalaria para cada grupo y en dos poblaciones de adultos mayores (mayores de 65 a 74 años y mayores de 75 años). Un valor p menor de 0,05 se consideró estadísticamente significativo. Resultados. Se incluyeron 703 pacientes (18,3% adultos mayores). La hipertensión, la diabetes, la colangitis, la coledocolitiasis y la clasificación ASA III-IV fueron factores significativamente estadísticos en los adultos mayores. Las tasas de reintervención, de conversión y de hemorragia fueron estadísticamente significativas en los adultos mayores. La diabetes y la tasa de conversión fueron superiores en los adultos mayores de 75 años, comparados con los de 65 a 74 años. Las tasas de lesión de la vía biliar, infección y mortalidad, no mostraron diferencia en ninguno de los grupos. La estancia hospitalaria fue de 4,5 días en promedio en los adultos mayores, contra 1,8 días en promedio en la población general (p<0,001). Conclusiones. La colecistectomía de urgencia por laparoscopia continúa siendo un procedimiento relevante en adultos mayores con colecistitis aguda. Se debe tener precaución pues las tasas de hemorragia, reintervención y conversión, son ligeramente superiores en este grupo.
Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in the elderly is increasing worldwide. Most trials report different results; however, their performance in Colombia is unknown. This study evaluates their results conducting a discriminative analysis in different aging populations. Methods: Prospective analysis of patients >65 years old with acute cholecystitis submitted to urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a fourth level, teaching and referral center in Bogotá, Colombia. We performed a univariate analysis of demographic, clinical, biochemical and imaging characteristics to identify significant variables in the elderly, in comparison with general population. Then we compared two different elderly populations (65-74years and >75years). We identified morbidity, mortality, conversions and LOS for every group. A p<0.05 was statistically significant. Results: 703 patients were included. 18.3% were elderly. Hypertension (p<0.001), diabetes (p<0.001), cholangitis (p<0.001), choledocholithiasis (p<0.007), ASA III-IV (p<0.001) were significant factors for elderly. Reoperations [elderly:4.3%; general population:1.2% (p<0.001)], conversions [elderly:32.6%; general population:9.2% (p<0.001)] and bleeding [elderly:2.1%; general population:0.3%](p<0.01) were significant factors for elderly. Diabetes and conversions were identified as significant factors for patients >75 years compared with patients between 65-74 years. Biliary tract injury, surgical site infection and mortality did not show statistical significance. LOS was 4.5 days for elderly against 1.8 days in the general population (p<0.001). Conclusions: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains a valuable procedure for elderly patients with acute cholecystitis and could be recommended despite their epidemiologic profile. Precautions should be taken into account because bleeding, reoperation and conversion are slightly higher in these patients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica , Tempo de Internação , Morbidade , MortalidadeRESUMO
La conversión a cirugía abierta durante colecistectomía laparoscópica se presenta en el 20%. Este desenlace se relaciona con mayor morbilidad y costos. En este estudio se describen los factores predictivos de conversión, la estancia hospitalaria, morbimortalidad asociada. Materiales y métodos Cohorte prospectiva de pacientes sometidos a colecistectomía laparoscópica de urgencia con colecistitis aguda. Análisis uni- y multivariado de los factores predictivos de conversión a partir de variables socio-demográficas, clínicas, bioquímicas y de imágenes diagnósticas, identificación de la tasa de morbilidad, mortalidad y estancia hospitalaria en los dos grupos. Resultados 703 pacientes fueron incluidos en el análisis. La tasa de conversión fue 13,8%. Los factores identificados en el análisis univariado fueron: género masculino, edad >70 años, hipertensión arterial, colangitis, CPRE previa, coledocolitiasis, bilirrubina total >2mg/dl, ictericia, recuento de leucocitos >12.000mm3, ASA III-IV y engrosamiento de la pared de la vesícula por ecografía. Los factores independientes fueron: género masculino (p<0,02), edad>70 años (p<0,02), CPRE previa (p<0,05) y recuento de leucocitos>12.000mm3 (p<0,04). Los pacientes convertidos presentaron mayor tasa de morbilidad, reoperación y estancia hospitalaria (p<0,001). La mortalidad no mostró diferencias. Conclusiones Es importante reconocer al paciente con mayor riesgo de conversión para optimizar la planeación y ejecución del procedimiento quirúrgico y disminuir la morbilidad asociada a la laparotomía, dado que los factores independientes identificados no son modificables (AU)
Aims: Conversions to open surgery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy are performed in20% of patients with acute cholecystitis, and are associated with increased morbidity and costs. The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors for conversion and to evaluate morbidity, mortality and hospital stay. Methods: A prospective cohort of patients admitted to the emergency department with acute cholecystitis. We evaluated the statistical significance of the demographic, clinical, biochemical, imaging and surgical factors at admission, associated with conversion to open surgery using a univariate model. The associated factors evaluated during initial analysis were then included in a multivariate analysis. Finally a comparative analysis was made of the morbidity and mortality in both models. Results: A total of 703 patients were included. Conversion rate was 13.8%. Univariate analysis identified as factors: male gender, previous ERCP, leucocytes > 12,000 mm3,age > 70 years, hypertension, jaundice, cholangitis, total bilirubin > 2 mg/dl, ASA III-IV,gallbladder wall enlargement and choledocholithiasis. Logistic regression identified as predictive factors: previous ERCP, leucocytes, age > 70 years and male gender. Converted patients had a higher morbidity rate, further operations and longer hospital stays (P < .001).No difference was seen in mortality. Discussion: It is important to recognise patients with a higher risk of conversion in order to optimise planning and performing of the surgical procedure, and to decrease the morbidity associated with laparotomy, given that the independent factors identified are not modifiable (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Colecistectomia/normas , Colecistectomia Laparoscópica/normas , Colecistite Aguda/cirurgia , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
AIMS: Conversions to open surgery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy are performed in 20% of patients with acute cholecystitis, and are associated with increased morbidity and costs. The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors for conversion and to evaluate morbidity, mortality and hospital stay. METHODS: A prospective cohort of patients admitted to the emergency department with acute cholecystitis. We evaluated the statistical significance of the demographic, clinical, biochemical, imaging and surgical factors at admission, associated with conversion to open surgery using a univariate model. The associated factors evaluated during initial analysis were then included in a multivariate analysis. Finally a comparative analysis was made of the morbidity and mortality in both models. RESULTS: A total of 703 patients were included. Conversion rate was 13.8%. Univariate analysis identified as factors: male gender, previous ERCP, leucocytes>12,000 mm(3), age>70 years, hypertension, jaundice, cholangitis, total bilirubin>2mg/dl, ASA III-IV, gallbladder wall enlargement and choledocholithiasis. Logistic regression identified as predictive factors: previous ERCP, leucocytes, age>70 years and male gender. Converted patients had a higher morbidity rate, further operations and longer hospital stays (P<.001). No difference was seen in mortality. DISCUSSION: It is important to recognise patients with a higher risk of conversion in order to optimise planning and performing of the surgical procedure, and to decrease the morbidity associated with laparotomy, given that the independent factors identified are not modifiable.
