RESUMO
Se estudió la prevalencia de diferentes especies de Enterococcus y su resistencia a antimicrobianos en cepas aisladas en 5 hospitales del norte de Chile. Un total de 249 cepas de Enterococcus spp fueron incluidas en el estudio. Las principales fuentes de obtención fueron muestras de orinas y heridas operatorias. Se identificaron 5 especies de Enterococcus, siendo E. faecalis y E. faecium las especies aisladas con mayor frecuencia en todos los hospitales. Se observó una alta susceptibilidad a los antimicrobianos β-lactámicos, resistencia moderada a tetracilina, ciprofloxacina y eritromicina, y resistencia elevada a cloranfenicol. No se detectó resistencia a vancomicina y aproximadamente, 12% de las cepas de Enterococcus sp presentó resistencia a altas concentraciones de gentamicina. En 30% del total de las cepas de Enterococcus estudiadas se observó resistencia a 3 y más antimicrobianos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação , Enterococcus , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/epidemiologia , Infecções por Bactérias Gram-Positivas/tratamento farmacológico , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos , Chile , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Prevalência , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
The prevalence of different species of Enterococcus and the resistance to antimicrobial drugs was studied in strains isolated in 5 hospitals of Northern Chile. A total of 249 of Enterococcus spp strains were included in this study. Enterococci were mostly isolated from urine and wounds. Among five species identified, E. faecalis and E. faecium were most frequently isolated in the all hospitals. High susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics, moderate resistance to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin, and high resistance to chloramphenicol was observed. Vancomycin resistance was absent. Approximately 12% of Enterococcus spp strains presented high level of gentamicin resistance. Multiresistance to 3 or more antimicrobial agents was detected in 30% of total Enterococcus strains studied.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla , Enterococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Chile , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Enterococcus/classificação , Enterococcus/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
In recent years there has been a significant increase in the frequency of isolation of Salmonella enteritidis around the globe, with an increase in the rate of it's resistence to antibiotics. Some epidemic outbreaks have been recorded in Chile, with clinical cases throughout the entire country. The objective of the present study was to determine the susceptibility of 100 strain of S. enteritidis isolated in the city of Antofagasta from 1999 to 2001 to ten different antibiotic agents. All strains of the bacterium were sensitive to ampicillin-sulbactam, neomycin, gentamycin, cyprofloxazine, and furazolidone. Chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazol were affective on 99 percent of the strains. Only cefadroxile and ampicyllin showed lower effectiveness, with 89 percent and 46 percent, respectively.
En los últimos años se ha observado un incremento significativo en la frecuencia de aislamiento de Salmonella enteritidis en el mundo, con un aumento en la tasa de resistencia a los antibióticos. En chile se han registrado algunos brotes epidémicas y casos clínicos en todo el territorio. Este trabajo tiene como propósito dar a conocer la susceptibilidad frente a diez antibióticos de 100 cepas de S. enteritidis aisladas en el período 1999-2001 en la ciudad de Antofagasta. Ampicilina-sulbactam, neomicina, gentamicina, ciprofloxacino y furazolidona fueron activos frente a todas las cepas. Cloranfenicol, tetraciclina y cotrimoxazol sobre el 99 por ciento. Sólo cefradroxilo y ampicilina exhibieron una actividad menor, 89 por ciento y 46 por ciento respectivamente.