RESUMO
The increasing incidence of cancer globally has highlighted the significance of early diagnosis and improvement of treatment strategies. In the 19th century, a connection was made between inflammation and cancer, with inflammation recognized as a malignancy hallmark. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), calculated from a complete blood count, is a simple and accessible biomarker of inflammation status. NLR has also been proven to be a prognostic factor for various medical conditions, including mortality classification in cardiac patients, infectious diseases, postoperative complications, and inflammatory states. In this narrative review, we aim to assess the prognostic potential of NLR in cancer. We will review recent studies that have evaluated the association between NLR and various malignancies. The results of this review will help to further understand the role of NLR in cancer prognosis and inform future research directions. With the increasing incidence of cancer, it is important to identify reliable and accessible prognostic markers to improve patient outcomes. The study of NLR in cancer may provide valuable insights into the development and progression of cancer and inform clinical decision-making.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: There are increasing evidences of endothelial dysfunction in migraine. The ACE-inhibitors have previously been shown to be effective in migraine prophylaxis. Furthermore, ACE inhibitors have beneficial effects on endothelial dysfunction. We therefore investigated whether Enalapril is effective in endothelial function improvement. METHODS: In this randomized clinical trial, 10 mg Enalapril daily was compared with matched placebo in 40 patients with migraine for two months. Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD), serum total nitrite and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in all patients at the baseline and after 2 months. RESULTS: patients' FMD increased in the case group after treatment with Enalapril (p = 0.002) while there was no significant change in control group. Total nitrite concentration increased in case group (p = 0.000), while there was no significant difference before treatment. There was no significant difference in the CRP concentrations in two groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that ACE inhibition can improve endothelial function in patients with migraine, as it has been shown by both FMD and serum levels of nitric oxide. The mechanism could be either that Enalapril limits the angiotensin IIinduced production of superoxide radicals which would normally inactivate nitric oxide, or that it may increase bradykinin-mediated nitric oxide release.
