RESUMO
The present application of numerical modelling techniques provides an overview of river discharges, nutrient flux and nutrient dispersal in Jakarta Bay. A hydrological model simulated river discharges with a total of 90 to 377m(3)s(-1) entering Jakarta Bay. Daily total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads ranged from 40 to 174tons and 14 to 60tons, respectively. Flow model results indicate that nutrient gradients are subject to turbulent mixing by tides and advective transport through circulation driven by wind, barotropic and baroclinic pressure gradients. The bulk of nutrient loads originate from the Citarum and Cisadane rivers flowing through predominantly rural areas. Despite lower nutrient loads, river discharges from the urban area of Jakarta exhibit the highest impact of nutrient concentrations in the near shore area of Jakarta Bay and show that nutrient concentrations were not only regulated by nutrient loads but were strongly regulated by initial river concentrations and local flow characteristics.
Assuntos
Baías/química , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Modelos Teóricos , Rios/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Indonésia , Nitrogênio/análise , Fósforo/análise , Salinidade , TemperaturaRESUMO
Jakarta Bay is subject to inputs of large amounts of dissolved inorganic nutrients and organic matter deriving from the Jakarta Metropolitan Area and its hinterland. As a consequence, inorganic and organic nutrient concentrations in the nearshore area are considerably increased. The hydrographic pattern inside the bay fosters phytoplankton bloom formation due to pronounced vertical density gradients. High Biomass Blooms (HBB) of phytoplankton are observed recurrently, representing an additional source for oxygen consuming degradable organic matter. An oxygen deficiency area of 20km(2) can be identified in the eastern part of Jakarta Bay where oxygen levels decrease to 60% saturation, equaling a noxiously low concentration of 4.0mg·dm(-3) O2. The absolute minimum detected was 51% O2 or 3.2mg·dm(-3) O2. The observed oxygen concentrations fail Indonesian quality standards for seawater.
