Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of the Parental Feeding Style Questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: There are no validated instruments in Spain for measuring parental feeding styles. The aim was to validate the Parental Feeding Styles Questionnaires (PFSQ) in a Spanish sample. METHOD: A total of 523 mothers of 523 school-children participated. The children had a mean age of 4.4 years (SD = 1.3), with 51% being boys (M = 4.3 years, SD = 1.4) and 49% girls (M = 4.5 years, = SD 1.3). The PFSQ and the Comprehensive General Parenting Styles Questionnaire (CGPQ) were used. RESULTS: A model of four correlated factors was identified: Prompting/encouraging eating, emotional feeding, instrumental feeding, and control over eating. Cronbach's alpha for the subscales ranged from 0.64 to 0.86, and McDonald's Omega coefficient ranged from 0.66 to 0.86. Emotional feeding and prompting/encouraging eating had values above 0.70, control over eating had a value of 0.68 and instrumental feeding had an alpha coefficient of 0.64 and omega coefficient of 0.66. The factor structure was similar to the original and to other adapted versions. The Spanish sample used more control over eating and prompting/encouraging to eat. CONCLUSIONS: The adapted PFSQ is a suitable instrument for assessing the feeding styles of Spanish parents.

International Test Commission guidelines for test adaptation: A criterion checklist.

BACKGROUND: To improve the quality of test translation and adaptation, and hence the comparability of scores across cultures, the International Test Commission (ITC) proposed a number of guidelines for the adaptation process. Although these guidelines are well-known, they are not implemented as often as they should be. One possible reason for this is the broad scope of the guidelines, which makes them difficult to apply in practice. The goal of this study was therefore to draw up an evaluative criterion checklist that would help test adapters to implement the ITC recommendations and which would serve as a model for assessing the quality of test adaptations. METHOD: Each ITC guideline was operationalized through a number of criteria. For each criterion, acceptable and excellent levels of accomplishment were proposed. The initial checklist was then reviewed by a panel of 12 experts in testing and test adaptation. The resulting checklist was applied to two different tests by two pairs of independent reviewers. RESULTS: The final evaluative checklist consisted of 29 criteria covering all phases of test adaptation: planning, development, confirmation, administration, score interpretation, and documentation. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the proposed evaluative checklist will help to improve the quality of test adaptation.

Spanish validation of the Type D personality scale (DS14) / Validación española de la "Escala de personalidad tipo D" (DS14)

Type D personality, which encompasses two dimensions, Negative Affectivity (NA) and Social Inhibition (SI), has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and its link to other conditions has become a focus of research in recent years. The main study objectives were to assess the psychometric properties behind the Type D Personality Scale (DS14) in the Spanish population and to evaluate type D personality presence taking into account sociodemographic as well as clinical variables. A total of 1257 subjects (41.1% men and 58.9% women) participated in this study. Ages ranged from 18 to 80 years. The Spanish version of the DS14 and a sociodemographic questionnaire were administered. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the DS14 subscales were .84 (NA) and .81 (SI). The original scale’s factor structure was replicated. Type D personality presence was 29.7% in the total sample and 56.5% in patients presenting both hypertension and heart disease. The Spanish version of the DS14 shows high internal consistency and adequate evidence of internal and external validity when assessing type D personality

La personalidad tipo D integrada por dos dimensiones, Afectividad negativa (AN) e Inhibición social (IS) ha sido identificada como un factor de riesgo cardiovascular y, en los últimos años, se está investigando su asociación con otras enfermedades. El objetivo de este estudio es examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la "Escala de personalidad tipo D" (DS14) y su presencia en población española teniendo en cuenta características sociodemográficas y clínicas. La muestra participante fue de 1257 sujetos (41,1% varones), de entre 18 y 80 años de edad. El coeficiente de fiabilidad para las dos subescalas de la DS14 fue de 0,84 (AN) y 0,81 (IS). Se replicó la estructura factorial de la escala en su versión original. La presencia de personalidad tipo D fue de 29,7% en el total de la muestra y de 56,5% en pacientes que presentaban conjuntamente hipertensión y patología cardiaca. La versión española de la DS14 tiene una alta consistencia interna y muestra evidencias adecuadas de validez interna y externa

Confirmatory factor analysis of VISA-P scale and measurement invariance across sexes in athletes with patellar tendinopathy.

BACKGROUND: The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella (VISA-P) scale is the most condition-specific patient-reported outcome measure used to assess symptom severity in athletes with patellar tendinopathy. Previous exploratory factor analyses have been conducted to evaluate the scale's dimensionality, with inconsistent results, and the factor structure of the scale remains unclear. The aims of the present study were to determine the factorial structure of the VISA-P scale using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and test measurement invariance across sexes. METHODS: The study included a convenience sample of 249 Spanish athletes with patellar tendinopathy. CFA was performed to assess factorial validity. Hypothesized 1- and 2-factor models were tested. Measurement invariance across sexes was evaluated via multi-group CFA with several fit indices using EQS 6.1 software. RESULTS: The internal consistency coefficient was 0.74. Several CFA models were examined and the 1-factor model in which errors for Items 7 and 8 were correlated showed acceptable fit in terms of comparative fit index (CFI) and goodness-of-fit index (GFI) statistics (CFI = 0.93; GFI = 0.94; standardized root mean square residual = 0.06; root mean square error of approximation = 0.10; 90% confidence interval: 0.08-0.13). This model was invariant across sexes. CONCLUSION: The 1-factor model of the Spanish version of the VISA-P scale (VISA-P-Sp) in which errors for Items 7 and 8 were correlated demonstrated relative fit in CFA. Scores obtained via VISA-P-Sp can be compared between men and women without sexes bias. Further studies should examine the VISA-P scale and other single-score patient-reported outcome measures concurrently.

A comparison of discriminant logistic regression and Item Response Theory Likelihood-Ratio Tests for Differential Item Functioning (IRTLRDIF) in polytomous short tests.

BACKGROUND: Short scales are typically used in the social, behavioural and health sciences. This is relevant since test length can influence whether items showing DIF are correctly flagged. This paper compares the relative effectiveness of discriminant logistic regression (DLR) and IRTLRDIF for detecting DIF in polytomous short tests. METHOD: A simulation study was designed. Test length, sample size, DIF amount and item response categories number were manipulated. Type I error and power were evaluated. RESULTS: IRTLRDIF and DLR yielded Type I error rates close to nominal level in no-DIF conditions. Under DIF conditions, Type I error rates were affected by test length DIF amount, degree of test contamination, sample size and number of item response categories. DLR showed a higher Type I error rate than did IRTLRDIF. Power rates were affected by DIF amount and sample size, but not by test length. DLR achieved higher power rates than did IRTLRDIF in very short tests, although the high Type I error rate involved means that this result cannot be taken into account. CONCLUSIONS: Test length had an important impact on the Type I error rate. IRTLRDIF and DLR showed a low power rate in short tests and with small sample sizes.

Self-Description Questionnaire II (versión breve): evidencia de fiabilidad y validez en una muestra de adolescentes chilenos / Self-Description Questionnaire II (short version): evidence of reliability and validity in a sample of chilean adolescents

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la fiabilidad y validez de las puntuaciones de la versión breve del Self-Description Questionnaire II (SDQ-II-S) en población chilena. La muestra se compuso de 1255 adolescentes chilenos, con un rango de edad de 13 a 17 años (M=15.10; DT=1.30). El análisis factorial confirmatorio corroboró la estructura original de 11 factores correlacionados del SDQ-II-S. La multidimensionalidad del cuestionario también fue avalada por la pequeña magnitud de las correlaciones entre los 11 factores (M = 0.26). Los coeficientes alfa de Cronbach variaron desde 0.70 hasta 0.84, y se destacó una adecuada fiabilidad. Para profundizar en el análisis de la validez de constructo del SDQ-II-S, se relacionaron las puntuaciones de las diferentes escalas con puntuaciones en medidas de ansiedad (Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo) y autoeficacia (Escala de Autoeficacia Percibida Específica de Situaciones Académicas). Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto que estos cuestionarios permiten analizar constructos diferenciados aunque relacionados. Los datos de este trabajo destacan que el SDQ-II-S presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas en población chilena, contrarrestando las carencias existentes en lo que respecta a la evaluación del autoconcepto, y resaltan interesantes aplicaciones tanto en el ámbito aplicado como en el de la investigación.

Reliability and Validity Evidence of Scores on the French Version of the Questionnaire about Interpersonal Difficulties for Adolescents.

This study examined the reliability and validity evidence drawn from the scores of the French version of the Questionnaire about Interpersonal Difficulties for Adolescents (QIDA) in a sample of 957 adolescents (48.5% boys) ranging in age from 11 to 18 years (M = 14.48, SD = 1.85). A principal axis factoring (PAF) and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were performed to determine the fit of the factor structure of scores on the QIDA. PAF and CFA replicated the previously identified correlated five-factor structure of the QIDA: Assertiveness, Heterosexual Relationships, Public Speaking, Family Relationships, and Close Friendships. The QIDA yielded acceptable reliability scores for French adolescents. Validity evidence of QIDA was also established through correlations with scores on the School Anxiety Inventory and the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents. Most of the correlations were positive and exceeded the established criteria of statistical significance, but the magnitude of these varied according to the scales of the QIDA. Results supported the reliability and validity evidence drawn from the scores of the French version of the QIDA.

The Questionnaire about Interpersonal Difficulties for Adolescents: Reliability and Validity Evidence in Colombian Adolescent / El Cuestionario de Dificultades Interpersonales para adolescentes: evidencia de fiabilidad y validez en una muestra colombiana

The aim of this study was to analyze reliability and validity evidence of scores on the Colombian version of the Questionnaire about Interpersonal Difficulties for Adolescents (QIDA) in a sample of 1,628 adolescents (65.7% boys), ranging in age from 12 to 18 years. Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the correlated five-factor structure of the QIDA: Assertiveness, Heterosexual Relationships, Public Speaking, Family Relationships, and Close Friendships. Internal consistency for the QIDA and subscales scores was excellent. Girls reported higher level of perceived anxiety in heterosexual relationships, whereas boys showed more anxiety in close friendships and decreased interpersonal anxiety during adolescence. Results support the reliability and validity of the scores on the Colombian version of the QIDA.

Este objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la evidencia de fiabilidad y validez de las puntuaciones de la versión colombiana del Cuestionario de Dificultades Interpersonales para Adolescentes (QIDA) en una muestra de 1.628 adolescentes (65.7% chicos) de 12 a 18 años. Los análisis factoriales confirmatorios replicaron la estructura factorial de cinco factores relacionados: Asertividad, Relaciones Heterosexuales, Hablar en Público, Relaciones Familiares y Amigos Íntimos. La consistencia interna del QIDA y sus sub-escalas fue excelente. Las chicas informaron mayores niveles de ansiedad percibida en relaciones heterosexuales, mientras los chicos mostraron más ansiedad en relaciones con amigos íntimos. La ansiedad interpersonal disminuyó durante la adolescencia. Los resultados apoyan la fiabilidad y validez de las puntuaciones de la versión colombiana del QIDA.

Validity evidence based on internal structure of scores on the Spanish version of the Self-Description Questionnaire-II.

The aim of this study was to analyze the reliability and validity evidence of scores on the Spanish version of Self-Description Questionnaire II (SDQ-II). The instrument was administered in a sample of 2022 Spanish students (51.1% boys) from grades 7 to 10. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine validity evidence based on internal structure drawn from the scores on the SDQ-II. CFA replicated the correlated II first-order factor structure. Furthermore, hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis (HCFA) was used to examine the hierarchical ordering of self-concept, as measured by scores on the Spanish version of the SDQ-II. Although a series of HCFA models were tested to assess academic and non-academic components organization, support for those hierarchical models was weaker than for the correlated 11 first-order factor structure. Results also indicated that scores on the Spanish version of the SDQ-II had internal consistency and test-retest reliability estimates within an acceptable range.

Validity evidence based on internal structure of scores on the Spanish version of the self-description questionnaire-II

The aim of this study was to analyze the reliability and validity evidence of scores on the Spanish version of Self-Description Questionnaire II (SDQ-II). The instrument was administered in a sample of 2022 Spanish students (51.1% boys) from grades 7 to 10. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine validity evidence based on internal structure drawn from the scores on the SDQ-II. CFA replicated the correlated 11 first-order factor structure. Furthermore, hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis (HCFA) was used to examine the hierarchical ordering of self-concept, as measured by scores on the Spanish version of the SDQ-II. Although a series of HCFA models were tested to assess academic and non-academic components organization, support for those hierarchical models was weaker than for the correlated 11 first-order factor structure. Results also indicated that scores on the Spanish version of the SDQ-II had internal consistency and test-retest reliability estimates within an acceptable range (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la fiabilidad y validez de las puntuaciones en la versión española del Self-Description Questionnaire II (SDQ-II). El instrumento fue administrado a una muestra de 2022 estudiantes españoles (51,1% chicos) de 1º a 4º de educación secundaria obligatoria. El análisis factorial confirmatorio (CFA) fue usado para examinar la validez basada en la estructura interna de las puntuaciones del SDQ-II. El CFA replicó la estructura factorial de primer orden de 11 factores correlacionados. Además, el análisis factorial confirmatorio jerárquico (HCFA) fue usado para examinar el ordenamiento jerárquico del autoconcepto medido por las puntuaciones de la versión española del SDQ-II. Aunque se examinaron una serie de modelos de HCFA para evaluar la organización de componentes académicos y no académicos, el apoyo para estos modelos jerárquicos fue más débil que para la estructura factorial de primer orden de 11 factores correlacionados. Los resultados también indicaron que las puntuaciones de la versión española del SDQ-II tuvieron estimaciones de consistencia interna y fiabilidad test-retest dentro de un rango aceptable (AU)

Psychometric properties and clinical cut-off scores of the Spanish version of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents.

This study examined the reliability and validity evidence drawn from the scores of the Spanish version of the Slovenian-developed Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SASA; Puklek, 1997; Puklek & Vidmar, 2000) using a community sample (Study 1) and a clinical sample (Study 2). Confirmatory factor analysis in Study 1 replicated the 2-factor structure found by the original authors in a sample of Slovenian adolescents. Test-retest reliability was adequate. Furthermore, the SASA correlated significantly with other social anxiety scales, supporting concurrent validity evidence in Spanish adolescents. The results of Study 2 confirmed the correlations between the SASA and other social anxiety measures in a clinical sample. In addition, findings revealed that the SASA can effectively discriminate between adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of social anxiety disorder (SAD) and those without this disorder. Finally, cut-off scores for the SASA are provided for Spanish adolescents.

Psychometric properties and diagnostic ability of the separation anxiety scale for children (SASC).

This research describes the psychometric properties of a new child self-report measure, the separation anxiety scale for children (SASC), which assesses the frequency of symptoms of separation anxiety in children from 8 to 11. The factor solution with a sample of 1,201 children from 8 to 11, isolated three factors, discomfort from separation, worry about separation, and calm at separation, tested by confirmatory factor analysis, which accounted for 32.80% of the total variance. Results indicated that the SASC has a high internal consistency (alpha = 0.83). The results revealed a high test-retest reliability of the instrument, and a high number of correctly diagnosed cases. The correlation of scores with other anxiety measures shows that the variable most associated with separation anxiety is trait-anxiety.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents.

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) in a sample of 296 adolescents (49% boys) in Grades 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12 with a mean age of 15.52 years. Confirmatory factor analysis replicated the three-factor structure of the SAS-A in the Chinese sample: Fear of Negative Evaluation (FNE), Social Avoidance and Distress in New Situations (SAD-New), and Social Avoidance and Distress-General (SAD-General). Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were appropriate. The results also revealed a clear and predictable pattern of relationships between the SAS-A and the Questionnaire about Interpersonal Difficulties for Adolescents and the International Personality Item Pool. Chinese boys reported greater SAD-General than Chinese girls, and this difference increased with grade. The SAS-A scores were compared to previously collected data from the USA and Spain, revealing that Chinese adolescents scored significantly higher in social anxiety than American and Spanish adolescents.