Effects of Hydrotherapy on the Management of Childbirth and Its Outcomes-A Retrospective Cohort Study.

The use of hydrotherapy during childbirth has gained relevance due to the demand for natural childbirth and greater respect for the woman's choice. Studies have shown benefits such as less use of epidural analgesia, increased ability to cope with pain, shorter labor, and a better overall birth experience. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to generate further evidence on maternal and birth outcomes associated with the use of hydrotherapy during labor, specifically aiming to describe the effects of water immersion during all stages of labor (first, second, and third) on women. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective cohort study was carried out on a random sample of women who gave birth at the Costa del Sol Hospital between January 2010 and December 2020. The calculated sample size was 377 women and the data were extracted from their partograms. After data extraction, two groups were formed: one group used hydrotherapy during childbirth (n = 124), while the other group included women who did not use hydrotherapy during the childbirth process (n = 253). RESULTS: The results highlight significant differences in pain perception, analgesia use, types of labor, and delivery times between the two groups. Women who did not use hydrotherapy reported higher pain perception, with a median (IQR) of 8 (7-9) on a numerical scale, compared to a median (IQR) of 6 (5-7) for the hydrotherapy group. Furthermore, the group without hydrotherapy required epidural analgesia in 40% of cases, while in the hydrotherapy group, it was only necessary in 20%. In terms of the type of delivery, the hydrotherapy group had more spontaneous vaginal deliveries compared to the non-hydrotherapy group, which had more operative vaginal deliveries. The overall duration of labor was longer in the hydrotherapy group, especially in women who arrived at the hospital late in labor. CONCLUSIONS: Hydrotherapy is associated with a longer time to delivery. Women with a higher pain tolerance tend to opt for hydrotherapy instead of epidural analgesia.

Systematic Reviews and Synthesis without Meta-Analysis on Hydrotherapy for Pain Control in Labor.

BACKGROUND: Although there is scientific evidence regarding the use of water immersion during labor, this evidence is primarily focused on the first stage of labor. There is limited scientific evidence on water immersion during the second stage of labor. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct a comprehensive systematic review and synthesis of contemporary evidence related to water birth, with a specific focus on the second stage of labor. METHODS: A systematic review of the scientific literature published between January 2018 and October 2023 was carried out. A synthesis of the results was conducted following the Synthesis without Meta-Analysis (SWiM) guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were utilized as information sources. The search strategy was designed using the keywords "immersion" and "parturition", along with their relevant synonyms. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies employing randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, and quantitative and qualitative approaches focusing on pregnant women undergoing water immersion at any stage of the labor process. RESULTS: Eleven articles were selected: two systematic reviews (one quantitative and one qualitative), five cohort studies, one case-control study, one cross-sectional observational study, and two qualitative studies. A thorough assessment of the methodology was performed using several specific tools: the Cochrane RoB 2 (Risk of Bias 2) tool for systematic reviews, JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research for qualitative studies, STROBE for observational descriptive studies, and CASPe for qualitative studies. The results provided fundamental insights that will contribute to conceptual standardization regarding the effects of water birth on maternal and fetal health. Additionally, a synthesis of the results was performed concerning types of delivery, analgesia use, pain perception, and maternal satisfaction with the water birth experience. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we conclude that the results regarding delivery types, labor durations, and analgesia use found in the literature, along with statistically significant maternal/fetal effects, are crucial for making recommendations regarding the use of water during labor in any of its stages if the woman desires it safely.

Competencias en enfermeras Especialistas y en Enfermeras de Práctica Avanzada / Competences of specialist nurses and advanced practice nurses

Objetivo: Analizar la distribución de competencias avanzadas en enfermeras especialistas y enfermeras de práctica avanzada y evaluar su asociación con algunas características de su perfil profesional. Método: Estudio transversal analítico multicéntrico. Se incluyeron enfermeras que ejercían como Enfermeras de Práctica Avanzada y enfermeras Especialistas. Se midió su nivel de competencias avanzadas percibidas, así como variables de caracterización profesional. Resultados: Doscientas setenta y siete enfermeras participaron (149 ejercían práctica avanzada y 128 especialistas), con una media de 13,88 (11,05) años como especialista y 10,48 (5,32) años como Enfermera de Práctica Avanzada. Un 28,8% tenía nivel de máster o doctorado. El 50,2% ejercía en atención primaria, el 24,9% en hospitales y el 22,7% en salud mental. El nivel global autopercibido fue elevado en las distintas competencias, siendo las dimensiones más bajas las de investigación, práctica basada en la evidencia, gestión de la calidad y seguridad y liderazgo y consultoría. Las Enfermeras de Práctica Avanzada obtuvieron mayor nivel competencial de forma global y en las dimensiones de liderazgo y consultoría, relaciones interprofesionales, gestión de cuidados y promoción de salud. No hubo diferencias en función de la experiencia o la posesión de nivel de máster o de doctorado. En las Enfermeras de Práctica Avanzada el contexto de práctica no influía en los niveles competenciales, aunque en las enfermeras especialistas sí, a favor de las que ejercían en salud mental. Conclusiones: Las enfermeras especialistas y de práctica avanzada tienen competencias distintas que deberían ser gestionadas adecuadamente para el desarrollo de los servicios enfermeros avanzados y especializados

Objective: To analyse the distribution of advanced competences in specialist nurses and advanced practice nurses and to evaluate their association with some characteristics of their professional profile. Method: Multicentre analytical cross-sectional study. Nurses who worked as advanced practice nurses and specialist nurses were included. Their level of perceived advanced competences was measured, as well as sociodemographic and professional characterization variables. Results: A total of 277 nurses participated (149 practised as advanced practice nurses and 128 as specialists), with an average of 13.88 (11.05) years as a specialist and 10.48 (5.32) years as an advanced practice nurse. In the sample, 28.8% had a master's or doctorate level qualification, 50.2% worked in Primary Care, 24.9% in hospitals and 22.7% in Mental Health. The self-perceived global level was high in the different competences, the lowest dimensions being research, evidence-based practice, quality and safety management and leadership and consulting. The advanced practice nurses obtained a higher level of competence globally and in the dimensions of leadership and consulting, interprofessional relations, care management, and health promotion. There were no differences based on experience or possession of a master's degree or doctorate. In the advanced practice nurses, the practice context did not influence competence levels, although in the specialist nurses it did, in favour of those practicing in Mental Health. Conclusions: Specialist and advanced practice nurses have different competences that should be adequately managed for the development of advanced and specialist nursing services

Competences of specialist nurses and advanced practice nurses. / Competencias en enfermeras Especialistas y en Enfermeras de Práctica Avanzada.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the distribution of advanced competences in specialist nurses and advanced practice nurses and to evaluate their association with some characteristics of their professional profile. METHOD: Multicentre analytical cross-sectional study. Nurses who worked as advanced practice nurses and specialist nurses were included. Their level of perceived advanced competences was measured, as well as sociodemographic and professional characterization variables. RESULTS: A total of 277 nurses participated (149 practised as advanced practice nurses and 128 as specialists), with an average of 13.88 (11.05) years as a specialist and 10.48 (5.32) years as an advanced practice nurse. In the sample, 28.8% had a master's or doctorate level qualification, 50.2% worked in Primary Care, 24.9% in hospitals and 22.7% in Mental Health. The self-perceived global level was high in the different competences, the lowest dimensions being research, evidence-based practice, quality and safety management and leadership and consulting. The advanced practice nurses obtained a higher level of competence globally and in the dimensions of leadership and consulting, interprofessional relations, care management, and health promotion. There were no differences based on experience or possession of a master's degree or doctorate. In the advanced practice nurses, the practice context did not influence competence levels, although in the specialist nurses it did, in favour of those practicing in Mental Health. CONCLUSIONS: Specialist and advanced practice nurses have different competences that should be adequately managed for the development of advanced and specialist nursing services.

Influencia de los planes de parto en las expectativas y la satisfacción de las madres / Influence of birth plans on the expectations and satisfaction of mothers

Objetivo: El propósito del estudio es valorar, desde una perspectiva cualitativa, las expectativas previas, el nivel de satisfacción y los factores psicosociales entre madres según la elaboración del plan de parto. Personas/material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo. Se crearon cuatro grupos focales con un total de 23 madres; todas ellas dieron a luz durante el año 2010. El periodo de estudio comprendió de febrero a abril de 2011. Tras la transcripción y categorización de los resultados, se procedió a un análisis de contenido. Resultados: Fueron muchas las diferencias psicosociales observadas entre las madres que solicitaron planes de parto y aquellas que no lo aportaron. El análisis de los resultados cualitativos permitió codificar la información en ocho ejes temáticos: información desde atención primaria sobre los planes de parto, alivio del dolor (farmacológico y no farmacológico), información sobre el proceso del parto, acompañamiento durante el parto y la hospitalización, contacto precoz piel con piel con el recién nacido tras el parto, donación de sangre de cordón umbilical, lactancia materna y cuidados al recién nacido. Conclusiones: Las madres que habían diseñado planes de parto mostraron niveles más bajos de satisfacción, así como sentimientos de decepción y frustración, al haber desarrollado ciertas expectativas sobre cómo sucedería el parto. Las madres sin plan de parto, posiblemente desconocedoras de la existencia de estos planes, fueron menos exigentes en cuanto a la planificación de su parto y se dejaron llevar más por la improvisación en función de la evolución del alumbramiento (AU)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate mothers’ prior expectations, level of satisfaction and psychosocial factors, from a qualitative standpoint, following the use or otherwise of a birth plan. People/material and methods: A qualitative transversal study was carried out, focusing on four focus groups with a total of 23 mothers who gave birth during 2010. The study period was February to April 2011. After transcribing and categorizing the results, we performed a content analysis. Results: There are many psychosocial differences between mothers who have requested a birth plan and those who have not. Analysis of the results enabled us to encode information for eight thematic areas: information obtained in primary healthcare attention on birth plans; pain relief (pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic); information on the birth process; support during childbirth and hospitalisation; early skinto-skin contact with the infant after birth; donation of umbilical cord blood; breastfeeding; care for the newborn infant. Conclusions: Mothers who have designed such plans present lower levels of satisfaction, together with feelings of disappointment and frustration, having developed certain expectations about how the birth would proceed. The mothers with no birth plan, on the other hand, possibly unaware of its existence, are less demanding in terms of planning their childbirth and are more inclined to improvisation, in response to the course of events (AU)