Psychometric Properties of the Diener Satisfaction With Life Scale With Five Response Options Applied to the Colombian Population.

Introduction: The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), developed by Diener, Emmons, Larsen, and Griffin in 1985, comprises five items with seven response options in terms of agreement-disagreement. Recently, there has been a suggestion to reduce the response options of the SWLS to optimize its applicability in different cultural contexts. Objective: The study aims to assess the psychometric properties of the SWLS with five response options in the Colombian population. Specifically, we studied the dimensionality, invariance by gender and age (among a group of adolescents and emerging adults under 25 years and a group of adults of intermediate age and established adulthood under 59 years), convergent validity (with optimism), and divergent (with pessimism) and concurrent validity with other measures of well-being (flourishing, positive, and negative affects). Methodology: This project was a cross-sectional study using a non-probabilistic sample of the general population. Participants were included if they identified themselves as Colombian and were at least 18 years of age. The final sample comprised 1,255 participants. The average age was 25.62 years (SD = 8.60) ranging from 18 to 67 years of age, and 35.8% of the participants were men. In addition to SWLS, we used the Flourishing Scale (FS), Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), and Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE). Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.842), composite reliability (0.851), and average variance extracted (0.537) showed very good values. CFA was conducted to test the one-dimensional structure of FS, showing excellent goodness of fit [ χ(5)2 = 15.774, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.992, TLI = 0.985, RMSEA = 0.042, 90% RMSEA CI (0.020, 0.066), and SRMR = 0.016]. The correlations calculated among life satisfaction (SWLS) with flourishing (FS), positive and negative affects (SPANE), optimism, and pessimism (LOT-R) were statistically significant and as expected. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance across gender and age were confirmed. Percentiles were provided for the total score and for age. Conclusions: The SWLS with five response options has adequate psychometric properties in the Colombian population, and the use of this version (with 5 response options) is recommended due to its greater applicability.

Estructura factorial del Cuestionario de Apoyo Social MOS en ancianos colombianos con dolor crónico / Factorial structure of the MOS Social Support Survey among senior and elder Colombian population diagnosed with chronic pain

Resumen El Cuestionario de Apoyo Social MOS es uno de los instrumentos que más se utilizan en la investigación y en la práctica gerontológica, pero no hay estudios acerca de su validez para la evaluación de ancianos colombianos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue valorar si la estructura de 4 factores descrita en otras poblaciones es válida, estudiar la fiabilidad y determinar diferencias atribuibles a género y convivencia con una pareja. Se trabajó con una muestra intencional de 463 mayores, de diversas regiones de Colombia. El análisis estadístico de los ítems evidenció ausencia de normalidad y altas correlaciones inter ítems e ítemescala (superiores a .60), por lo que se seleccionó el método de Mínimos Cuadrados no Ponderados (ULS) para el análisis factorial confirmatorio, con el que se evaluaron tres modelos (de un factor, de tres y de cuatro factores correlacionados) siendo el de 4 factores el que obtuvo mejores índices (NFI=.997; AGFI=.996; RMR=.056; NFI=.996). Los coeficientes alfa de las subescalas estaban entre .86 y .98. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en apoyo social percibido atribuibles al género y a tener pareja. Los resultados sustentan la validez del cuestionario MOS para la evaluación del apoyo social percibido por adultos mayores colombianos con dolor crónico.

Abstract Perceived social support refers to one's confidence that social support or resources are available if needed. It is related to health and quality of life in elderly, so it is recommended to be evaluated. The Social Support Survey MOS have been used but there is no evidence about its validity in Colombian ancient people with chronic pain. The aim of this study was to assess the factorial structure and reliability for the Social Support Survey MOS among a group of elderly people with chronic muskuloesqueletal pain; furthermore, differences between gender and married were investigated. 463 old people of different regions of Colombia were assessed with MOS and with a sociodemographic interview. Cronbach ranged between .86 y .98. Item correlations were higher than .60. The model of 4 correlated factors showed good fit (NFI= .997, AGFI= .996, RMR= .056 y GFI= .996), as shown by similar studies in other populations. Differences in social support perceived by gender and marital status were found. The results support the validity for the MOS to evaluate social support in ancient Colombian people with chronic muskuloesqueletal pain.