Synchronous Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor: Case Report and Analysis of the 5 Cases in the Literature.

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT), or Pindborg tumor, is infrequent and accounts for less than 1% of all odontogenic tumors. It is benign and usually asymptomatic but displays locally infiltrative and expansile behavior. Synchronous lesions affecting the jaws are exceedingly rare. We present a case of synchronous CEOTs affecting the maxilla and mandible and describe the clinical, radiographic, histologic, and immunohistochemical features. We further review five cases previously described in the literature.

Non-muscle myosin II as a predictive factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Background: The present study attempted to provide information regarding non-muscle myosin II (MII) isoforms immunoreactivity in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and analysis of the patients' clinical status after 5 years of monitoring. Material and Methods: A semiquantitative analysis of the immunoreactivity of the MII isoforms was performed in 54 surgical specimens and its correlation with clinical and pathological variables and prognosis was verified. Data were analyzed using chi-square, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. To evaluate the survival over the total monitoring time and any connection with the proteins studied, the Kaplan-Meier analysis was used. P values ≤0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: In the advanced stages of pathological tumor-node-metastasis, the expression of MIIB in adjacent non-neoplastic epithelial tissues tended to increase (p = 0.057). In tumoral zones there was an association of high expression among the three isoforms (MIIA/MIIB p = 0,001, MIIB/MIIC p = 0,006 and MIIA/MIIC p = 0,012). Negative clinical evolution in patients was directly correlated to increased MIIC expression in the tumoral zone of invasion in HNSCC (p = 0.017). Based on clinical evolution after the monitoring period, patients with tumors expressing MIIC had poorer prognoses (p = 0.048). Conclusions: The present study suggests that MIIB expression in non-neoplastic adjacent epithelial tissues may indicate a potential for regional metastasis and that MIIC expression in the tumoral zone of invasion is predictive of negative evolution of the disease

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A multicentre study of oral paracoccidioidomycosis: Analysis of 320 cases and literature review.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the frequency of oral paracoccidioidomycosis from representative geographical regions of Brazil and to compare the data with a literature review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 108,304 biopsies obtained from 1953 to 2016 at six Brazilian oral and maxillofacial pathology services. Demographic data and clinical and histopathological diagnosis of oral paracoccidioidomycosis were evaluated. A literature review of oral paracoccidioidomycosis studies published in three electronic databases was carried out. Data were analysed descriptively. RESULTS: A total of 320 cases of oral paracoccidioidomycosis were surveyed (0.3% of the oral lesions at the centres studied). The lesions were more frequent among male patients. The gingiva/alveolar ridge was the most affected site. Mean age of affected individuals was 51.3 years (±11.7). The literature review showed a higher incidence of oral paracoccidioidomycosis in the south-east and south regions of Brazil. Male individuals and individuals between 50 and 59 years were most affected. CONCLUSIONS: Oral paracoccidioidomycosis is an uncommon lesion observed in oral biopsy samples. The differences in the relative frequency of oral paracoccidioidomycosis are related to geographical variations. Men between 50 and 59 years are more affected. This study provides helpful information for clinicians in the diagnosis of oral paracoccidioidomycosis.

Tufted angioma in children: report of two cases and a review of the literature.

Tufted angioma (TA) is a benign vascular tumor with endothelial origin. It is extremely rare in oral mucosa; only seven cases have been reported in the literature so far. Here, we describe two cases of tufted angioma observed in children and we also present a review of the literature about this pathology, concerning the differential diagnosis and management of this lesion in children.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: decline in clinical stage at the time of diagnosis in a reference hospital in southern Brazil

Objective: Developing countries have a high incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Risk factors are smoking and alcohol consumption; socioeconomic status and oral health may be associated with etiology. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sociodemographicprofile and oral health of patients with primary HNSCC, as well as the clinical and histopathological characteristics of the tumor. Material and Methods: We evaluated 78 patients; data about sex, age, skin color, schooling, oral hygiene, smoking, alcohol consumption and socioeconomic status were collected using a structured questionnaire. An intraoral examination provided dataabout caries, missing teeth and dental prosthesis. Hospital records were reviewed to collect clinical tumor information. Results: Mean age was 57.6 years; most participants were male,white, former or current smokers and moderate or high consumption of alcoholic beverages with low socioeconomic and educational levels. The majority of patients were disease-free at 2 year-follow up. Classification showed 60.2% of the tumors as T1 and T2 and 59% had no regional involvement. Most tumors were found in the mouth, and the tongue was the most frequent site. Histopathological examination revealed that 57.7% of the tumors were classified as moderateand poor prognosis. Conclusion: The profile of patients with HNSCC was similar to that found in other populations, but there is a decline in clinical stage at the time of diagnosis, and detecting this tumor at an early stage can be an effective mean to determine a better prognosis for patients

Intramuscular 30 percent polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) implants in a non-protein vehicle: an experimental study in rats / Implante intramuscular de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) 30 por cento, associado a veículo não-proteico: estudo experimental em ratos

INTRODUCTION: In the present study, the stability and biocompatibility of a 30 percent polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) filling material implanted in the masseter muscle of rats were investigated according to the cytologic characteristics presented in the graft versus host reaction. METHODS: The study included 20 rats, which were divided into 4 groups: groups I, II, III, and IV corresponded to animals evaluated 7, 14, 45, and 60 days after surgery, respectively. The implant was placed in the right masseter muscle at the level of the mandibular angle. RESULTS: After 7 days, lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrates, a fibrous capsule, a large number of neutrophils, macrophages, and exudate were observed. The second group (14 days) showed granulation tissue composed of a lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate, newly formed vessels, and a fibrous capsule. However, the second group also exhibited regeneration of the muscle fibers, and a decreased number of neutrophils and exudate. After 45 and 60 days, the inflammatory infiltrate decreased in intensity compared to the first 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The inflammatory reaction caused by PMMA is transient and does not compromise the function and the shape of the masseter muscle tissue, suggesting that PMMA is biocompatible.

INTRODUÇÃO: Este trabalho busca avaliar, em ratos, a estabilidade e a biocompatibilidade de um material de preenchimento à base de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA) a 30 por cento implantado no músculo masseter, por meio do padrão, e a organização reacional no tecido receptor. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 20 ratos, divididos em quatro grupos: grupo I, que correspondeu ao período de 7 dias de pós-operatório; grupo II, de 14 dias; grupo III, de 45 dias; e grupo IV, de 60 dias. O implante foi realizado no músculo masseter direito, na região do ângulo da mandíbula. RESULTADOS: No período de 7 dias, observou-se presença de infiltrado inflamatório linfoplasmocitário, com formação de cápsula fibrosa e presença de grande número de neutrófilos, macrófagos e formação de exsudatos. Em 14 dias, observou-se a formação de um tecido de granulação composto por infiltrado inflamatório linfoplasmocitário, vasos de neoformação e cápsula fibrosa. Porém, nesse tempo experimental, nota-se a regeneração das fibras musculares e a diminuição do número de neutrófilos e exsudatos. Após 45 dias e 60 dias, observou-se, no tecido muscular, diminuição da intensidade do infiltrado inflamatório, comparativamente aos tempos experimentais anteriores. CONCLUSÕES: A reação inflamatória provocada pelo PMMA é transitória e não compromete as funções e o contorno desse tecido muscular, o que sugere que o PMMA é biocompatível.

Evaluation of cell proliferation rate in non-dysplastic leukoplakias.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze whether the most frequent cases of non-dysplastic leukoplakias, hyperkeratosis (H), acanthosis (A), and hyperkeratosis with acanthosis (HA) have similar cell proliferation rates and to compare them with epithelial dysplastic (ED) leukoplakias and normal oral epithelium (NOE). STUDY DESIGN: The sample comprised 10 cases of normal oral epithelium, 10 cases of hyperkeratosis, 10 cases of acanthosis, 10 cases of hyperkeratosis with acanthosis and 10 cases of epithelial dysplasia. The mean number of AgNORs per nucleus (mAgNOR) and the mean percentage of cells with 1, 2, 3 and 4 or more AgNORs per nucleus (pAgNOR) were recorded. RESULTS: The results of mAgNOR showed differences between disorders in the evaluation of the basal layer, of the parabasal layer, and in the overall evaluation. mAgNOR and pAgNOR=2 increased progressively from normal oral epithelium to hyperkeratosis with acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and epithelial dysplasia (p<0.05). Cell proliferation rate was different between different subtypes of non-dysplastic leukoplakias and this group presented a higher proliferative behavior when compared to normal oral epithelium. CONCLUSION: It may be suggested that non-dysplastic leukoplakias had different characteristics regarding cell proliferation rates and sometimes showed a proliferative behavior similar to that found in epithelial dysplasia. More studies should be conduced to increase knowledge about the biological profile of non-dysplastic leukoplakias, especially as it pertains to acanthosis.

Estudo dos casos de ameloblastomas diagnosticados no Laboratorio de Patologia Bucal da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul / Study of ameloblastoma's cases diagnosed in the Oral Pathology Laboratory of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul

Com o objetivo de obter um perfil de indivíduos afetados por ameloblastoma e comparar os resultados com os estudos encontrados na literatura, realizou-se uma análise retrospectiva dos casos de ameloblastomas do Laboratório de Patologia Bucal da FO-UFRGS. Os resultados revelaram uma maior ocorrência em indivíduos jovens, do sexo feminino, raça branca, localização predominantemente na mandíbula e tipo histológico plexiforme. Conclui-se que, o perfil dos pacientes com ameloblastoma diagnosticados no Laboratório de Patologia Bucal da FO-UFRGS concorda com o perfil de pacientes com ameloblastoma diagnosticado em outras partes do mundo e relatado na literatura diferindo apenas no que se refere a faixa etária no momento do diagnóstico

Quantificação das AgNORs nos distúrbios de maturação epitelial presentes em leucoplasias da mucosa bucal / Quantification of silver-staining nucleolar organizer region in epithelial maturation disturbances present in oral leukoplakia

A leucoplasia se caracteriza por apresentar, microscopicamente, hiperceratose, acantose ou displasia epitelial. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a velocidade de proliferação celular destes distúrbios de maturação epitelial por meio da Técnica de AgNor. A amostra foi constituída de 50 blocos de parafina distribuídos em 5 grupos de acordo com seu diagnóstico histopatológico em hiperceratose, hiperceratose com acantose, acantose, displasia epitelial e epitélio normal. Para cada grupo foram avaliadas as células da camada basal e suprabasal e a quantificação das AgNORs foi realizada através da média dos pontos de AgNOR por núcleo, da área média dos pontos de AgNOR por núcleo e do percentual médio de células com 1,2,3 e 4 ou mais pontos de AgNOR por núcleo. Verificou-se que a média de pontos de AgNOR por núcleo aumentou gradualmente do epitélio normal, hiperceratose com acantose, hiperceratose, acantose até a displasia epitelial. Na comparação em relação à área média dos pontos de AgNOR por núcleo observou-se diferença significativa entre epitélio normal e os demais grupos. Verificou-se ainda que em todos os gupos há o predomínio de células com 1 AgNOR, e o epitélio normal apresentou valor superior. No entanto, a displasia epitelial apresentou maior percentual de células com 4 ou mais AgNORs por núcleo, demonstrando o maior potencial de transformação maligna, uma vez que este parâmetro pode representar um sinal de malignidade. Todavia, os três métodos de qualificação não foram capazes de distinguir os distúrbios de maturação epitelial entre si. A partir dos resultados encontrados, pode-se concluir que os distúrbios de maturação epitelial estudados apresentam ritmo de proliferação celular semelhante e que, dentre eles, a acantose e displasia epitelial têm comportamento de maior risco. Portanto, uma leucoplasia que apresente qualquer um dos distúrbios de maturação epitelial no diagnóstico histopatológico, a conduta clínica deve ser semelhante

O que representam as imagens radiolúcidas e radiopacas sob as restauraçöes de amálgama? / What do represent the radiolucent and radiopaque images under the amalgam restorations?

Imagens radiolúcidas e ou radiopacas sob restauraçöes de amálgama que resultam em interpretaçöes dúbias podem levar a uma incorreta decisäo terapêutica. Imagens radiolúcidas podem representar dentina desmineralizada, lesöes ativas de cárie ou materiais näo radiopacos. Imagens radiopacas, freqüentemente interpretadas como dentina reacional, podem também representar dentina desmineralizada. Para avaliar essas imagens, foram obtidas radiografias interproximais de 53 dentes posteriores extraídos que apresentavam restauraçäo em amálgama, posteriormente seccionados para análise visual. Destes, 15 (28,3 por cento) apresentaram imagens radiolúcidas e ou radiopacas sob a restauraçäo, na maioria dos casos (11) na forma combinada e todas as áreas radiolúcidas e ou radiopacas observadas corresponderam, nas secçöes dos dentes, à imagem característica de dentina desmineralizada