RESUMO
HLA-specific antibodies generated by allo-immunization are supposed to be involved in the control of HIV infections by both the neutralizing capacity of HLA-specific antibodies (Abs) and HLA-specific Ab-dependent complement-mediated lysis (CML). We further characterized CML of HIV primary isolates induced by HLA-specific Abs. Although HIV-specific and HLA allo-type specific Abs induced only weak CML of HIV primary isolates, several combinations of HLA allo-type specific Abs with HIV-specific Abs could enhance CML significantly. Nevertheless, certain HLA-specific Abs did not improve but even inhibit CML of HIV, although the corresponding HLA molecules were present. Thus, our results emphasize a possible limitation of allo-immunization as a potential approach to induce protective immunity against HIV.
Assuntos
Proteínas do Sistema Complemento/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , HIV-1/imunologia , Antígenos HLA/imunologia , Animais , Infecções por HIV/terapia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Humanos , Alótipos de Imunoglobulina/imunologia , Imunoterapia/métodos , CamundongosRESUMO
Due to ongoing recombination and mutations, HIV permanently escapes from neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses of the host. By the masking of epitopes or shedding of gp120, HIV-1 further impedes an efficient neutralization by Abs. Therefore, nAbs responses of the host are chasing behind a rapidly evolving virus and mainly non-neutralizing antibodies (non-nAbs) are present in the host. At the same time, complement deposition on immune-complexed HIV may counteract the immune response by enhancing the infection. On the other hand, complement-mediated lysis is a putative effector mechanism to control viral replication. Here we review the complex interplay between complement, neutralizing and non-neutralizing Abs during HIV infection and discuss the contribution of Abs and complement in blocking versus enhancing the course of infection.