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1.
Transfus Clin Biol ; 29(1): 31-36, 2022 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34411748

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in blood and platelet concentrates from asymptomatic donors, and the detection of viral particles on the surface and inside platelets during in vitro experiments, raised concerns over the potential risk for transfusion-transmitted-infection (TTI). The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of the amotosalen/UVA pathogen reduction technology for SARS-CoV-2 in human platelet concentrates to mitigate such potential risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five apheresis platelet units in 100% plasma were spiked with a clinical SARS-CoV-2 isolate followed by treatment with amotosalen/UVA (INTERCEPT Blood System), pre- and posttreatment samples were collected as well as untreated positive and negative controls. The infectious viral titer was assessed by plaque assay and the genomic titer by quantitative RT-PCR. To exclude the presence of infectious particles post-pathogen reduction treatment below the limit of detection, three consecutive rounds of passaging on permissive cell lines were conducted. RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2 in platelet concentrates was inactivated with amotosalen/UVA below the limit of detection with a mean log reduction of>3.31±0.23. During three consecutive rounds of passaging, no viral replication was detected. Pathogen reduction treatment also inhibited nucleic acid detection with a log reduction of>4.46±0.51 PFU equivalents. CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 was efficiently inactivated in platelet concentrates by amotosalen/UVA treatment. These results are in line with previous inactivation data for SARS-CoV-2 in plasma as well as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-1 in platelets and plasma, demonstrating efficient inactivation of human coronaviruses.


Assuntos
Remoção de Componentes Sanguíneos , COVID-19 , Furocumarinas , Plaquetas , Furocumarinas/farmacologia , Humanos , RNA Viral , SARS-CoV-2 , Raios Ultravioleta , Inativação de Vírus
2.
Transfus Med ; 29(6): 434-441, 2019 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31696565

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of the INTERCEPT™ Blood System [amotosalen/ultraviolet A (UVA) light] to reduce the risk of Middle East respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) transmission by human platelet concentrates. BACKGROUND: Since 2012, more than 2425 MERS-CoV human cases have been reported in 27 countries. The infection causes acute respiratory disease, which was responsible for 838 deaths in these countries, mainly in Saudi Arabia. Viral genomic RNA was detected in whole blood, serum and plasma of infected patients, raising concerns of the safety of blood supplies, especially in endemic areas. METHODS: Four apheresis platelet units in 100% plasma were inoculated with a clinical MERS-CoV isolate. Spiked units were then treated with amotosalen/UVA to inactivate MERS-CoV. Infectious and genomic viral titres were quantified by plaque assay and quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Inactivated samples were successively passaged thrice on Vero E6 cells to exclude the presence of residual replication-competent viral particles in inactivated platelets. RESULTS: Complete inactivation of MERS-CoV in spiked platelet units was achieved by treatment with Amotosalen/UVA light with a mean log reduction of 4·48 ± 0·3. Passaging of the inactivated samples in Vero E6 showed no viral replication even after nine days of incubation and three passages. Viral genomic RNA titration in inactivated samples showed titres comparable to those in pre-treatment samples. CONCLUSION: Amotosalen and UVA light treatment of MERS-CoV-spiked platelet concentrates efficiently and completely inactivated MERS-CoV infectivity (>4 logs), suggesting that such treatment could minimise the risk of transfusion-related MERS-CoV transmission.


Assuntos
Plaquetas/virologia , Segurança do Sangue , Furocumarinas/farmacologia , Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio , Raios Ultravioleta , Inativação de Vírus , Animais , Chlorocebus aethiops , Humanos , Células Vero , Inativação de Vírus/efeitos dos fármacos , Inativação de Vírus/efeitos da radiação
3.
Saudi J Biol Sci ; 22(1): 24-31, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25561879

RESUMO

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary blood disorder caused by a single gene. Various blood and urine biomarkers have been identified in SCD which are associated with laboratory and medical history. Biomarkers have been proven helpful in identifying different interconnected disease-causing mechanisms of SCD, including hypercoagulability, hemolysis, inflammation, oxidative stress, vasculopathy, reperfusion injury and reduced vasodilatory responses in endothelium, to name just a few. However, there exists a need to establish a panel of validated blood and urine biomarkers in SCD. This paper reviews the current contribution of biochemical markers associated with clinical manifestation and identification of sub-phenotypes in SCD.

4.
Egypt J Immunol ; 12(2): 137-42, 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17977218

RESUMO

Human T cell lymphotropic virus I and II (HTLV I/II) has been recommended to be screened for blood donors since 1988, and it become a mandatory test to get college of american Pathologists (CAP) accreditation. The present study aimed at investigating the prevalence rate of HTLV I/II among Arab blood donors, to revise whether is its screening mandatory? Thirty-thousand (30,000) Arab donors along two years attending two central hospital blood banks in Jeddah. Antibodies to HTLV I/II have been screened using enzyme immunoassay (E.I.A) and immunoblotting assay (Western blot). Results revealed zero prevalence rate. Based upon this finding, no potential risk of HTLV I/II transmission among blood donors population exist. As screening for HTLV I/II is still mandatory, it could be done on pools of sera rather than on individual serum samples, after standardization of a pooling protocol, to fulfill coast-effectiveness and reduce the coasts by 90-95%.


Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecções por HTLV-I/epidemiologia , Infecções por HTLV-II/epidemiologia , Immunoblotting , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Bancos de Sangue , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-I/sangue , Infecções por HTLV-I/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-HTLV-II/sangue , Infecções por HTLV-II/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência , Arábia Saudita/epidemiologia
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