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1.
Eur J Sport Sci ; 21(8): 1193-1203, 2021 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32790537

RESUMO

This study investigated the effects of a four-week HIIT intervention on the cardiometabolic risk profile, liver fat content, insulin requirement, hypoglycaemia, physical fitness, and health-related quality of life in patients with T1DM. A supervised exercise intervention with baseline to follow-up comparison between overweight (BMI = 28.6 ± 2.1 kg/m2) and normal weight (BMI = 23.2 ± 1.40 kg/m2) T1DM patients was performed. Eleven overweight (age = 40.7 ± 14.3 years) and 11 normal weight (age = 42.2 ± 15.5 years) T1DM patients performed a four-week, low-volume, all-out cycling HIIT (4-6 bouts, work/relief ratio 1:1) twice weekly. HIIT lowered low-density lipoprotein and uric acid levels in overweight patients by up to 10.5% (vs. normal weight, p≤0.0312). HbA1c, high-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels did not change in any of the groups. Participants' maximal exercise capacity and power output at individual anaerobic lactate threshold increased to an equal extend of up to 10% (p≤0.0002) in both groups. During the intervention, participants used fewer daily bolus insulin (-5.22 ± 12.80%) and less total units of insulin (-4.42 ± 10.20%, p≤0.023) compared to the pre-intervention period with no between-group difference. Overall, the average daily number of hypoglycaemias increased from 0.90 ± 0.56-1.08 ± 0.63 during the intervention (p = 0.033). SF-36 subscales showed higher scores after the intervention, with a significant improvement of "role limitations due to physical problems" (p<0.05) for both groups. We conclude that in T1DM, HIIT may exert beneficial effects on physical fitness, insulin requirement and health-related quality of life. Of note, beneficial HIIT effects on the cardiometabolic risk profile in T1DM may be larger in overweight T1DM patients.


Assuntos
Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Terapia por Exercício/métodos , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade , Sobrepeso/complicações , Sobrepeso/terapia , Adulto , Glicemia/metabolismo , Composição Corporal , Fatores de Risco Cardiometabólico , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Hipoglicemia/etiologia , Insulina/sangue , Insulina/uso terapêutico , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Fígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sobrepeso/sangue , Qualidade de Vida , Triglicerídeos/sangue
2.
Microvasc Res ; 132: 104057, 2020 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32795467

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Physical activity may protect from ocular complications of diabetic retinopathy (DR). We investigated exercise training effects on the retinal microvasculature using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS: Twenty T1D patients without clinical signs of DR performed four weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Cycle ergometry was used for determination of physical fitness. OCTA of the macula and optic nerve head was applied to analyze effects on the foveal avascular zone area, vessel density, vessel diameter index and fractal dimension of the superficial plexus, deep plexus and radial peripapillary capillaries. RESULTS: Large effects for improvement of physical fitness in terms of power output at the individual lactate threshold (+10.7 ± 11.3%, p < .001, ES = 0.95) and maximal power output (+8.2 ± 6.4%, p < .001, ES = 1.4) were detected. Participants presented a reduced increase in heart rate (HR) and lactate (LA) at given exercise intensities at follow-up (p ≤ .0176). Baseline OCTA revealed that HbA1c levels were associated with vessel density in the radial peripapillary capillary and the parafoveal superficial region (p ≤ .014). None of the analyzed microvascular parameters changed in response to the intervention. CONCLUSION: Despite favorable effects of HIIT on physical fitness of T1D patients, disease-specific training protocols may be needed to overcome potentially impaired retinal microvascular adaptations.


Assuntos
Angiografia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/terapia , Retinopatia Diabética/terapia , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade , Microcirculação , Imagem de Perfusão , Aptidão Física , Vasos Retinianos/fisiopatologia , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Adulto , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/diagnóstico por imagem , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/fisiopatologia , Retinopatia Diabética/diagnóstico por imagem , Retinopatia Diabética/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Fluxo Sanguíneo Regional , Vasos Retinianos/diagnóstico por imagem , Resultado do Tratamento
3.
US Army Med Dep J ; (3-17): 105-110, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29214628

RESUMO

As part of occupational health promotion in the Bundeswehr (military services of the Federal Republic of Germany), top-ranking executives were offered a medical examination and training program. The participants were subjected to retrospective evaluation. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent risk factors for the development of internal and orthopaedic conditions are present in military executives and how these factors affect physical fitness. To collect their medical history, a total of 122 male subjects answered a questionnaire aimed at evaluating private and occupational stress factors. This process was followed by an internal and orthopaedic examination. A lactate performance test (treadmill or bicycle ergometry) was conducted. The results showed that the presence of hypertension correlates with reduced fitness. While orthopaedic conditions had no negative influence on executives' fitness, high body mass index and waist circumference, mental stress, and older age did. It is recommended that executives undergo professionally guided endurance and weight training on a regular basis in order to prevent the development of internal and orthopaedic conditions.


Assuntos
Militares/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/epidemiologia , Saúde Ocupacional , Aptidão Física , Estresse Psicológico/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Índice de Massa Corporal , Alemanha , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/etiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Circunferência da Cintura
4.
ScientificWorldJournal ; 2016: 3929104, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27774505

RESUMO

Occupational health promotion is an effective tool to improve the state of health of employees. As part of occupational health promotion in the German Bundeswehr, top-ranking military executives are offered a medical examination and training programme. Health-related data is collected as a basis for training and lifestyle counselling. This data was subjected to a retrospective evaluation in order to identify occupational risk factors and their correlation with cardiovascular resilience, trunk strength, and the development of orthopaedic and internal disorders. A total of 122 military executives (all male, age 54.6 ± 4.2 years) answered a questionnaire aimed at evaluating private and occupational stress factors. The medical history was followed by a medical and orthopaedic examination involving a lactate performance test (treadmill or bicycle ergometry) and an isometric trunk strength measurement. The data obtained was then statistically evaluated. For military executives, work-related travelling and commuting involve a high risk of medical and orthopaedic conditions. Regular exercise leads to improved fitness levels. In order to prevent medical problems, military executives working long hours should regularly take part in fitness and weight training under professional instructions.


Assuntos
Militares , Doenças Musculoesqueléticas/epidemiologia , Saúde Ocupacional , Aptidão Física , Promoção da Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ortopedia , Estudos Retrospectivos
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