Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Aldeído Oxirredutases/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Neoplasias Colorretais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/etiologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Fatores de RiscoAssuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Doença das Coronárias/prevenção & controle , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/sangue , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/genética , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/fisiopatologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doença das Coronárias/sangue , Doença das Coronárias/genética , Hemostasia , Humanos , Lipídeos/sangue , Fatores de Risco , Caracteres SexuaisRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A polymorphism in the gene for alcohol dehydrogenase type 3 (ADH3) alters the rate of alcohol metabolism. We investigated the relation among the ADH3 polymorphism, the level of alcohol consumption, and the risk of myocardial infarction in a nested case-control study based on data from the prospective Physicians' Health Study. METHODS: We identified 396 patients with eligible newly diagnosed cases of myocardial infarction among men in the Physicians' Health Study. Of these patients, 374 were matched with 2 randomly selected control subjects each and the remaining 22 with 1 control each (total, 770 controls). The ADH3 genotype (gamma1gamma1, gamma1gamma2, or gamma2gamma2) was determined in all subjects. We examined the relations among the level of alcohol intake, the ADH3 genotype, and plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in this study population and in a similar cohort of women. RESULTS: As compared with homozygosity for the allele associated with a fast rate of ethanol oxidation (gamma1), homozygosity for the allele associated with a slow rate of ethanol oxidation (gamma2) was associated with a reduced risk of myocardial infarction (relative risk, 0.65; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.43 to 0.99). Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a decreased risk of myocardial infarction in all three genotype groups (gamma1gamma1, gamma1gamma2, and gamma2gamma2); however, the ADH3 genotype significantly modified this association (P=0.01 for the interaction). Among men who were homozygous for the gamma1 allele, those who consumed at least one drink per day had a relative risk of myocardial infarction of 0.62 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.34 to 1.13), as compared with the risk among men who consumed less than one drink per week. Men who consumed at least one drink per day and were homozygous for the gamma2 allele had the greatest reduction in risk (relative risk, 0.14; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.04 to 0.45). Such men also had the highest plasma HDL levels (P for interaction = 0.05). We confirmed the interaction among the ADH3 genotype, the level of alcohol consumption, and the HDL level in an independent study of postmenopausal women (P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Moderate drinkers who are homozygous for the slow-oxidizing ADH3 allele have higher HDL levels and a substantially decreased risk of myocardial infarction.
Assuntos
Álcool Desidrogenase/genética , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Infarto do Miocárdio/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/sangue , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Genótipo , Homozigoto , Humanos , Isoenzimas/genética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Análise de RegressãoRESUMO
One suggested mechanism underlying the positive association between alcohol consumption and breast cancer risk is an influence of alcohol on steroid hormone levels. A polymorphism in alcohol dehydrogenase type 3 (ADH3) affects the kinetics of alcohol oxidation and thereby could influence the effect of alcohol consumption on hormone levels. We investigated the ADH3 polymorphism, alcohol intake, and risk of breast cancer in a nested case-control study. Among women in the Nurses' Health Study who gave a blood sample in 1989-1990, 465 incident breast cancer cases were diagnosed before June 1994 and were matched to 621 controls. Using conditional logistic regression, we calculated relative risks and confidence intervals to assess breast cancer risk for ADH3 genotype. Among postmenopausal controls not using hormones at time of blood collection, partial Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the association between alcohol intake and plasma hormone levels according to ADH3 genotype. No association was observed between ADH3 genotype and overall breast cancer risk (relative risk = 0.9 for slow oxidizers compared with fast; 95% confidence interval = 0.6-1.3). Among postmenopausal women, ADH3 genotype did not modify the weak association observed between alcohol intake and breast cancer risk (P for interaction = 0.45). Statistically significant trends in the relationship between alcohol consumption and hormone level dependent on oxidative capacity (ADH3 genotype) were observed for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and sex hormone-binding globulin (P < 0.05). These data suggest that the ADH3 polymorphism modestly influences the response of some plasma hormones to alcohol consumption but is not independently associated with breast cancer risk and does not modify the association between alcohol and breast cancer risk.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Aldeído Oxirredutases/genética , Neoplasias da Mama/etiologia , Hormônios/sangue , Polimorfismo Genético , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Genótipo , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pós-Menopausa , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
Excellent models exist for people-pet programs in institutions and in the community. Veterinarians should assess the needs of their local communities and adapt a model program to fit these needs.
