Assuntos
Anormalidades Induzidas por Medicamentos/etiologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/induzido quimicamente , Anti-Hipertensivos/efeitos adversos , Benzimidazóis/efeitos adversos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Rim/anormalidades , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado da Gravidez , Tetrazóis/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Anti-Hipertensivos/administração & dosagem , Benzimidazóis/administração & dosagem , Compostos de Bifenilo , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Hipertensão/diagnóstico , Rim/diagnóstico por imagem , Testes de Função Renal , Gravidez , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Medição de Risco , Tetrazóis/administração & dosagem , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) parameters and left prefrontal volumes in both patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects. 31P MRS parameters and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) volumetric data were collected in the left prefrontal region in 10 patients with schizophrenia and 10 healthy subjects of comparable age, handedness, sex, educational level, and parental educational level. No correlations were found between any MRS parameter and grey matter volumes in the combined subjects. Phosphomonoester (PME) and grey matter volumes, however, were both correlated negatively with age. PMEs were found to be decreased, and calculated intracellular magnesium ([Mg2+]intra) was found to be increased in the patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy subjects after adjusting for left prefrontal grey and white matter, total brain volume, and age. These findings suggest that cortical grey and white manner volumes are not directly related to PME and [Mg2+]intra abnormalities in schizophrenia patients.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Transtornos Neurocognitivos/diagnóstico , Fósforo/metabolismo , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Adulto , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Feminino , Humanos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador , Masculino , Lipídeos de Membrana/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos Neurocognitivos/fisiopatologia , Transtornos Neurocognitivos/psicologia , Fosfolipídeos/metabolismo , Córtex Pré-Frontal/patologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiopatologia , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Dextromethorphan (DM), the dextrorotatory isomer of 3-hydroxy-N-methylmorphinan, is the main ingredient in a number of widely available, over-the-counter antitussives. Initial studies (Bornstein 1968) showed that it possessed no respiratory suppressant effects and no addiction liability. Subsequently, however, several articles reporting abuse of this drug have appeared in the literature. The drug is known to cause a variety of acute toxic effects, ranging from nausea, restlessness, insomnia, ataxia, slurred speech and nystagmus to mood changes, perceptual alterations, inattention, disorientation and aggressive behavior (Rammer et al 1988; Katona and Watson 1986; Isbell and Fraser 1953; Devlin et al 1985; McCarthy 1971; Dodds and Revai 1967; Degkwitz 1964; Hildebrand et al 1989). There have also been two reported fatalities from DM overdoses (Fleming 1986). However, there are no reports describing the effects of chronic abuse. This report describes a case of cognitive deterioration resulting from prolonged use of DM.
