RESUMO
Psychiatric home-visit nursing supports the lives of people with mental disorders in the community and plays an important role in the "community-based integrated care system" which is rapidly being implemented in Japan. Although the number of responsive home-visit nursing stations (HVNS) is increasing, the current situation of service provision has not yet been clarified. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics and difficulties of psychiatric home-visit nursing provided by HVNS. We further discussed future care provisions and service improvements. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 7,869 member stations of the National Association for Visiting Nurse Service; of this number 2,782 facilities (35.4%) responded. Of the 2,782 facilities, 1,613 (58.0%) provided psychiatric home-visit nursing. The HVNS that provided psychiatric home-visit nursing were diverse, and the percentage of users with mental disorders ranged widely. Majority of the HVNS reported having "difficulty in caring for users/families who refuse care" (56.3%), "difficulty in care for psychiatric symptoms" (54.0%), and "difficulty in assessment of psychiatric symptoms" (49.1%), with differences in difficulty depending on the percentage of psychiatric users. As user needs and HVNS characteristics diversify, it is necessary to take advantage of the characteristics of each station to develop consultation and training systems and collaborative network platforms within each community for future sustainable service provision.
RESUMO
The aim of this study was to clarify the differences perceived by users of home-visit nursing care between providers from medical institutions and services from independent home-visit nursing stations, as well as to examine the recovery orientation from the perspectives of the users. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 32 home-visit nursing stations and 18 medical institutions. From these facilities, 10 users of psychiatric home-visit nursing services who were being treated for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were selected. With regard to the care that they thought was good, the home-visit nursing station users responded more often than users of home-visit nursing care provided by medical institutions regarding "help with hobbies and fun" and "support to empower you". Regarding what users wanted from home-visit nursing care, a statistically significant difference was found between users of home nursing stations who answered, "I want the same person to come", and users of home-visit nursing services provided by medical institutions, who answered, "I want various people to come". Brief INSPIRE-J score for study participants was 81.9 (standard deviation; SD 18.1) for users of home-visit nursing care services from medical institutions and 83.7 (SD 15.5) for home-visit nursing station users. It is conceivable that the care provided by psychiatric home-visit nursing services may have a greater potential for promoting recovery. However, since the characteristics of users and facilities may differ, future research is needed to clarify which recovery factors are effectively promoted by each service.
RESUMO
We investigate the influence of the visual appearance of a negotiator on persuasiveness within the context of negotiations. Psychological experiments were conducted to quantitatively analyze the relationship between visual appearance and the use of language. Male and female participants were shown three female and male photographs, respectively. They were asked to report how they felt about each photograph using a seven-point semantic differential (SD) scale for six affective factors (positive impression, extraversion, intelligence, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and agreeableness). Participants then answered how they felt about each negotiation scenario (they were presented with pictures and a situation combined with negotiation sentences) using a seven-point SD scale for seven affective factors (positive impression, extraversion, intelligence, conscientiousness, emotional stability, agreeableness, and degree of persuasion). Two experiments were conducted using different participant groups depending on the negotiation situations. Photographs with good or bad appearances were found to show high or low degrees of persuasion, respectively. A multiple regression equation was obtained, indicating the importance of the three language factors (euphemistic, honorific, and sympathy expressions) to impressions made during negotiation. The result shows that there are optimal negotiation sentences based on various negotiation factors, such as visual appearance and use of language. For example, persons with good appearance might worsen their impression during negotiations by using certain language, although their initial impression was positive, and persons with bad appearance could effectively improve their impressions in negotiations through their use of language, although the final impressions of their negotiation counterpart might still be more negative than those for persons with good appearance. In contrast, the impressions made by persons of normal appearance were not easily affected by their use of language. The results of the present study have significant implications for future studies of effective negotiation strategies considering visual appearance as well as gender.
