RESUMO
Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) during a transient head-down tilt of -6 degrees (-6 degrees HDT) was measured with single photon emission computer tomography (SPECT). CBF was measured and averaged for both sides of the brain areas; e.g., the bilateral anterior cerebral artery (bACA) area, the middle cerebral artery (bMCA) area, the posterior cerebral artery (bPCA) area, bilateral basal ganglia, and the cerebellum. Among these areas, a significant increase in CBF was observed in the basal ganglia and the cerebellum during -6 degrees HDT compared to pre-HDT. When CBF was measured separately in the left or right brain area, these significances disappeared, although a trend of increase or decrease was still observable. A trend of increase was observed in the left anterior cerebral artery (IACA) area, the right middle cerebral artery (rMCA) area, the right posterior cerebral artery (rPCA) area, the left and right basal ganglia, and the cerebellum. In rACA, IMCA and IPCA areas, a slight decrease in CBF was observed. At the same time, cardiac parameters were measured. Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) did not change significantly, although SV slightly increased and HR slightly decreased during -6 degrees HDT.
Assuntos
Circulação Cerebrovascular , Postura , Tomografia Computadorizada de Emissão de Fóton Único , Adulto , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
1. The morphology of bacteria treated with the bactericidal glycoprotein, Achacin, purified from the giant African snail, Achatina fulica Férussac, has been studied. 2. Achacin lengthens the bodies of Escherichia coli by three to seven times. 3. Achacin damages the surface of Staphylococcus aureus and sinks the cytoplasmic membranes into the cytoplasm. 4. Achacin causes neither the leakage nor the destruction of cells.
Assuntos
Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Membranas Intracelulares/efeitos dos fármacos , Neuropeptídeos/toxicidade , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Microscopia de Contraste de Fase , Staphylococcus aureus/ultraestruturaRESUMO
1. Bactericidal action of a glycoprotein, Achacin, purified from the giant African snail, Achatina fulica Férussac, has been studied. 2. Achacin kills both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but only in their growing states. 3. Achacin does not have any bacteriolytic activity. 4. The strain which has no cell wall is a little more sensitive than the native strain and the cell membrane-damaged strain. 5. Achacin was observed on the cytoplasmic membrane and on the cell wall of treated Escherichia coli by immunoelectron microscopy. 6. Achacin attacks the cytoplasmic membrane of the cell.
