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1.
J Hosp Infect ; 129: 75-81, 2022 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35987317

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus - both meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and meticillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) - is a major cause of neonatal infections. Infection control measures have not lowered the incidence of MSSA infections to the same degree as that of MRSA infections. AIM: To investigate the transmission pathway of MSSA in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) using genetic analysis. METHODS: Neonatal patients, their parents, and healthcare workers were swab-tested in the NICU at our hospital at the time of hospitalization and then every month thereafter from October 1st, 2018 to March 31st, 2019. Whole-genome sequencing was performed to test for MSSA strains. Multi-locus sequence typing and single nucleotide polymorphism analysis were used to identify strains and understand their relatedness. FINDINGS: There were 16 MSSA-positive patients. Four MSSA-positive patients shared strains from the same phylogenetic groups as those of healthcare workers. One presented the same strain as the parent. MSSA-positive twin neonates shared the same strain. Ten had sporadic strains; 32 of the 97 tested healthcare workers were MSSA positive. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that the route of transmission of MSSA in NICU may be through MSSA in the hospital environment in addition to horizontal transmission via healthcare workers. Along with hand hygiene with alcohol, thorough environmental maintenance and parental education are important for infection control in NICUs targeting MSSA.


Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Infecções Estafilocócicas , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Epidemiologia Molecular , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Meticilina , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Filogenia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/prevenção & controle , Infecção Hospitalar/prevenção & controle
2.
J Dev Orig Health Dis ; 8(2): 256-260, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27995841

RESUMO

Several studies have reported association of altered levels of lipids and some trace elements with risk factors for cardiovascular disease development in adulthood. Accordingly, the present study aimed to determine the relationship among the serum levels of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in preterm infants through an assessment of atherogenic indices shortly after birth. Blood samples were collected within 20 min of birth from 45 preterm infants with gestational ages ranging from 32 to 35 weeks. Serum Cu, Zn, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), apolipoprotein-A1 (apoA1) and apolipoprotein-B (apoB) levels were measured, and the TC/HDLc, LDLc/HDLc and apoB/apoA1 ratios were calculated. Upon determining the correlation between the levels of Cu, Zn and these indices of lipid metabolism, triglyceride (TG) and Cu were found to correlate negatively with birth weight (BW) and the standard deviation (s.d.) score for body weight. Furthermore, Cu levels correlated positively with the TG level and TC/HDLc, LDLc/HDLc and apoB/apoA1 ratios and negatively with the HDLc level and HDLc/apoA1 ratios. However, a stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that the s.d. score for BW and TG level were significant independent determinants of the Cu level. In contrast, Zn did not correlate with any of these indices. In conclusion, intrauterine growth restriction and the TG level at birth influence Cu levels in preterm infants, whereas atherogenic indices do not affect this parameter.


Assuntos
Aterosclerose/epidemiologia , Aterosclerose/patologia , Cobre/metabolismo , Lipídeos/análise , Adulto , Aterosclerose/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Prematuro , Japão/epidemiologia , Masculino
3.
J Dev Orig Health Dis ; 7(6): 685-688, 2016 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27451916

RESUMO

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are the incretin hormones secreted from the intestine in response to enteral feeding to stimulate insulin secretion. We investigated the relationship serum GIP and GLP-1 levels with gestational age, and insulin secretion in preterm infants. Serum GIP and GLP-1 levels were measured at birth and at 1, 2 and 4 weeks after birth in 30 infants, including 12 born before 30th week of gestation (early group) and 18 born after 30th week of gestation (late group). Blood glucose and serum insulin levels were measured, and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) was also calculated. The levels of GLP-1 at 2 and 4 weeks were significantly higher in the early group than those in the late group. The levels of GIP were not significantly different between two groups. At 4 weeks, serum insulin level was significantly higher and QUICKI was significantly lower in the early group. Furthermore, GLP-1 levels were significantly correlated with QUICKI and the serum insulin levels in all infants at 4 weeks. In preterm infants, enteral feeding to premature intestine may be associated with GLP-1 secretion. GLP-1 is also related to stimulated insulin secretion in early postnatal period.


Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Idade Gestacional , Incretinas/sangue , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/metabolismo , Adulto , Feminino , Polipeptídeo Inibidor Gástrico/sangue , Peptídeo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon/sangue , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Insulina/sangue , Resistência à Insulina , Masculino , Projetos Piloto
4.
J Dev Orig Health Dis ; 5(6): 459-64, 2014 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25167084

RESUMO

Evidence suggests that breastfeeding during infancy lowers the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its attendant risk factors in adult life. To investigate the influence of feeding type on the risk factors of MS, we assessed insulin sensitivity and lipid and apolipoprotein metabolism in preterm infants. Blood samples were collected from preterm infants at the time of discharge. Infants were separated into two groups: a breast milk (BM) group receiving ⩾90% of their intake from BM, and a mixed-fed (MF) group receiving ⩾50% of their intake from formula. The following indices were then compared between the two groups. Blood glucose and serum insulin levels were used to calculate the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). We also measured serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), apolipoprotein-A1 (apoA1) and apolipoprotein-B (apoB) levels, and the ratios of TC/HDLc, LDLc/HDLc and apoB/apoA1. The mean gestational age was 32.9 weeks at birth, and blood samples were collected at a mean corrected age of 37.4 weeks. There were 22 infants in the BM group and 19 in the MF group. QUICKI was significantly higher in the BM group. TC, HDLc and apoA1 were not significantly different between the groups, but LDLc and apoB levels were significantly higher in the BM group. The TC/HDLc, LDLc/HDLc and apoB/apoA1 ratios were significantly higher in the BM group. In preterm infants, the type of feeding exposure in the early postnatal period may influence glucose, lipid and apolipoprotein metabolism, and affect markers of MS.


Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Recém-Nascido Prematuro/metabolismo , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/etiologia , Análise de Variância , Glicemia/metabolismo , Colesterol/sangue , Idade Gestacional , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Insulina/sangue , Resistência à Insulina/fisiologia , Japão/epidemiologia , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/fisiologia , Fatores de Risco
5.
Brain Dev ; 35(1): 45-52, 2013 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22633446

RESUMO

AIM: This study was a randomised control trial to examine the effects of sphingomyelin (SM), on the mental, motor and behavioural development of premature infants. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Randomised, double-blind controlled trial, enroling infants born with a birth weight of less than 1500 g between January 2004 and October 2007 at Juntendo University Hospital, with follow-up to 18 months. Twenty-four preterm babies were randomly assigned; 12 were assigned to a test group and fed SM-fortified milk (SM 20% of all phospholipids in milk) and 12 were assigned to a control group (SM 13% of all phospholipids in milk). We analysed the composition of the plasma phospholipids and red-cell-membrane fatty acids, after which VEP, Fagan, BSID-II, attention and memory tests were performed. RESULTS: The percentage of SM in the total phospholipids was significantly higher in the trial group than in the control group at 4, 6 and 8 weeks. The Behaviour Rating Scale of the BSID-II, the Fagan test scores, the latency of VEP, and sustained attention test scores at 18 months were all significantly better in the trial group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: This study is the first to report that nutritional intervention via administration of SM-fortified milk has a positive association with the neurobehavioural development of low-birth-weight infants. However, detailed studies on the effects of SM on longer-term development are required.


Assuntos
Encéfalo/efeitos dos fármacos , Desenvolvimento Infantil/efeitos dos fármacos , Alimentos Fortificados , Leite , Esfingomielinas/administração & dosagem , Animais , Atenção/efeitos dos fármacos , Método Duplo-Cego , Potenciais Evocados Visuais/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Inteligência/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Leite Humano , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Projetos Piloto
6.
Br J Dermatol ; 167(2): 252-61, 2012 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22404487

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Antidesmoglein (anti-Dsg) 3 serum antibody titres are usually correlated with the disease activity of pemphigus vulgaris (PV), but some patients retain high titres even in remission. OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to determine whether anti-Dsg3 antibodies in PV sera recognized calcium (Ca(2+) )-dependent or non-Ca(2+) -dependent epitopes, and to evaluate their pathogenicity. METHODS: Dsg3 baculoprotein-coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) plates were treated with 0.5 mmol L(-1) ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The binding ability of anti-Dsg3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was analysed. Eight of the 83 patients with PV who were screened had elevated Dsg3 ELISA index values > 00 in remission. The binding ability of these PV sera was analysed. We evaluated the pathogenicity of anti-Dsg3 serum antibodies against the non-Ca(2+) -dependent epitopes using a dissociation assay. RESULTS: The reactivity of pathogenic anti-Dsg3 mAbs against the Ca(2+) -dependent epitopes diminished markedly in the EDTA-treated ELISA, whereas no such reduction was observed in mAbs against the non-Ca(2+) -dependent epitopes. The sera of all the patients contained antibodies against both Ca(2+) -dependent and non-Ca(2+) -dependent epitopes. In six out of the eight patients, the ratio of antibodies against Ca(2+) -dependent to non-Ca(2+) -dependent epitopes decreased in remission. EDTA-treated Dsg3 baculoproteins adsorbed anti-Dsg3 serum antibodies against the non-Ca(2+) -dependent epitopes, but the remnant PV antibodies retained the ability to induce acantholysis in the dissociation assay. CONCLUSIONS: We have established an assay to measure indirectly the titres of anti-Dsg3 serum antibodies against the Ca(2+) -dependent epitopes, based on the differences between EDTA-untreated and EDTA-treated ELISA index values, as a routine laboratory test to reflect the pathogenic anti-Dsg3 serum antibody titres more accurately.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais/metabolismo , Cálcio/imunologia , Desmogleína 3/imunologia , Epitopos/imunologia , Pênfigo/imunologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Relação Dose-Resposta Imunológica , Ácido Edético/farmacologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/metabolismo , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Estudos Retrospectivos
7.
Acta Paediatr ; 99(1): 37-41, 2010 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19785636

RESUMO

AIM: We investigated the relationship between plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), leptin, active ghrelin levels, and postnatal growth in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. METHOD: Plasma IGF-I, leptin, and active ghrelin levels were measured at birth and at 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after birth in 61 VLBW infants, including 31 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) and 30 small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants. RESULTS: Insulin-like growth factor I levels were the lowest at birth, but increased gradually over the first 8 weeks of life. IGF-I was positively correlated with body weight, body length and body mass index at all time points. Leptin levels did not change over the study period. Ghrelin levels were significantly lower at birth; however, there were no significant differences between the levels after 2 weeks of age. Leptin and ghrelin levels were not correlated with anthropometrical measures. IGF-I levels at birth were significantly lower in SGA than in AGA infants, but the leptin and ghrelin levels were not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Insulin-like growth factor I is related to length and weight gain in the prenatal and the early postnatal periods in VLBW infants, but this does not appear to be the case for leptin and ghrelin.


Assuntos
Grelina/sangue , Recém-Nascido Pequeno para a Idade Gestacional/sangue , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso/sangue , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/análise , Leptina/sangue , Análise de Variância , Estatura , Feminino , Crescimento/fisiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido Pequeno para a Idade Gestacional/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Masculino , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Aumento de Peso
8.
Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed ; 92(4): F291-2, 2007 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17213272

RESUMO

This study investigated the relationship between plasma levels of ghrelin and postnatal growth in preterm infants. The levels of active ghrelin in cord blood and in plasma in 25 very low birthweight (VLBW) infants were measured. The results indicate that the levels of circulating active ghrelin markedly increases after birth in VLBW infants, and suggest that the increased levels of ghrelin reflects the maturation of ghrelin production in the stomach and an increased physiological need for ghrelin.


Assuntos
Recém-Nascido Prematuro/sangue , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso/sangue , Hormônios Peptídicos/sangue , Antropometria , Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Feminino , Sangue Fetal/química , Idade Gestacional , Grelina , Crescimento/fisiologia , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino
9.
J Paediatr Child Health ; 40(1-2): 42-3, 2004.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14718003

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Previous reports of the postprandial regulation of leptin are controversial, and there have been few studies on the effects of breast-feeding on postprandial regulation in newborn infants. We examined the response of plasma leptin to breast- and formula-feeding in newborn infants. METHODS: We measured the plasma leptin levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit before and after feeding in 12 breast-fed and 11 formula-fed mature infants. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in plasma leptin levels in breast-fed infants before and after feeding or in artificially fed infants before and after feeding. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that feeding does not play a role in the acute response of circulating leptin levels in either breast- or formula-fed infants.


Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Alimentos Formulados , Leptina/sangue , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Fatores de Tempo
10.
Eur J Pediatr ; 160(7): 425-9, 2001 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11475580

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: To examine the value of surfactant protein D and KL-6 as markers for the diagnosis and the severity of interstitial pneumonia caused by measles infection, surfactant protein D, KL-6 and lactic acid dehydrogenase were measured serially in three patients with measles complicated by interstitial pneumonia as compared to ten measles infected patients without interstitial pneumonia. The serum surfactant protein D and KL-6 levels were higher in patients with measles and interstitial pneumonia as compared to those with measles without interstitial pneumonia. In patients with measles and interstitial pneumonia, the respiratory distress and the alveolar-arterial oxygen differences improved after steroid pulse therapy while the serum surfactant protein D level decreased dramatically under the cut-off level and earlier than the KL-6 level. On the contrary, the serum KL-6 level increased transiently and it took longer to decrease below the cut-off level as compared to the pattern observed for serum surfactant protein D. The serum lactic acid dehydrogenase level changes were between those of the surfactant protein D and KL-6 levels. CONCLUSION: Surfactant protein D and KL-6 are easily measured and useful markers for the diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia caused by measles infection. Early decrease of surfactant protein D contrasts with the transient increase of KL-6 levels after prednisolone pulse therapy.


Assuntos
Glicoproteínas/sangue , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/sangue , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico , Sarampo/diagnóstico , Surfactantes Pulmonares/sangue , Antígenos , Antígenos de Neoplasias , Biomarcadores/sangue , Pré-Escolar , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Seguimentos , Glicoproteínas/análise , Humanos , Lactente , L-Lactato Desidrogenase/análise , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/sangue , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/complicações , Masculino , Sarampo/sangue , Sarampo/complicações , Mucina-1 , Mucinas , Proteína D Associada a Surfactante Pulmonar , Surfactantes Pulmonares/análise , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
11.
Dev Genes Evol ; 208(10): 537-46, 1998 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9811972

RESUMO

Retinoic acid is thought to induce transdifferentiation of multipotent epithelial stem cells in the developing buds of the ascidian Polyandrocarpa misakiensis. We isolated a cDNA clone from this species, named PmRAR, encoding a retinoic acid receptor (RAR) homologue. PmRAR clusters with other RARs on phylogenetic trees constructed by three different methods. Within the cluster, PmRAR is on a separate branch from all the subtypes of RARs, suggesting that RAR subtypes arose in the ancestral vertebrates after divergence of vertebrates and urochordates. The embryos of another ascidian species Ciona intestinalis were co-electroporated with a mixture of a PmRAR expression vector and a lacZ reporter plasmid containing vertebrate-type retinoic acid response elements. The expression of lacZ depended on the presence of both retinoic acid and PmRAR, suggesting that PmRAR is a functional receptor. PmRAR mRNA is expressed in the epidermis and mesenchyme cells of the Polyandrocarpa developing bud. The mRNA is not detectable in the mesenchyme cells in the adult body wall, but its expression can be induced by retinoic acid in vitro. These results suggest that the PmRAR is a mediator of retinoic acid signalling in transdifferentiation during asexual reproduction of protochordates.


Assuntos
Receptores do Ácido Retinoico/genética , Receptores do Ácido Retinoico/metabolismo , Urocordados/genética , Urocordados/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Primers do DNA/genética , DNA Complementar/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Humanos , Hibridização In Situ , Modelos Biológicos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Homologia de Sequência de Aminoácidos , Transdução de Sinais , Especificidade da Espécie , Urocordados/crescimento & desenvolvimento
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