The mathematics of a quantum Hamiltonian computing half adder Boolean logic gate.

The mathematics behind the quantum Hamiltonian computing (QHC) approach of designing Boolean logic gates with a quantum system are given. Using the quantum eigenvalue repulsion effect, the QHC AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR, and NXOR Hamiltonian Boolean matrices are constructed. This is applied to the construction of a QHC half adder Hamiltonian matrix requiring only six quantum states to fullfil a half Boolean logical truth table. The QHC design rules open a nano-architectronic way of constructing Boolean logic gates inside a single molecule or atom by atom at the surface of a passivated semi-conductor.

Bicomponent hydrogen-bonded nanostructures formed by two complementary molecular Landers on Au(111).

The co-adsorption of two molecular Landers equipped with functional groups capable of forming a complementary triple hydrogen-bonding motif is investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy and molecular mechanics calculations. Surprisingly, the anticipated complementary motif is not realised in 2-D terrace structures, but is observed in 1-D structures at step edges where molecular conformational flexibility is confined.

Quantum design rules for single molecule logic gates.

Recent publications have demonstrated how to implement a NOR logic gate with a single molecule using its interaction with two surface atoms as logical inputs [W. Soe et al., ACS Nano, 2011, 5, 1436]. We demonstrate here how this NOR logic gate belongs to the general family of quantum logic gates where the Boolean truth table results from a full control of the quantum trajectory of the electron transfer process through the molecule by very local and classical inputs practiced on the molecule. A new molecule OR gate is proposed for the logical inputs to be also single metal atoms, one per logical input.

Single OR molecule and OR atomic circuit logic gates interconnected on a Si(100)H surface.

Electron transport calculations were carried out for three terminal OR logic gates constructed either with a single molecule or with a surface dangling bond circuit interconnected on a Si(100)H surface. The corresponding multi-electrode multi-channel scattering matrix (where the central three terminal junction OR gate is the scattering center) was calculated, taking into account the electronic structure of the supporting Si(100)H surface, the metallic interconnection nano-pads, the surface atomic wires and the molecule. Well interconnected, an optimized OR molecule can only run at a maximum of 10 nA output current intensity for a 0.5 V bias voltage. For the same voltage and with no molecule in the circuit, the output current of an OR surface atomic scale circuit can reach 4 µA.

Oxygen consumption of middle ear and peripheral blood neutrophils in acute suppurative otitis media.

Using an oxygen electrode, oxygen consumption has been measured in peripheral blood neutrophils and the corresponding middle ear fluid neutrophils of 26 patients with acute suppurative otitis media. The data suggest that the middle ear fluid neutrophil is functional and is capable of producing an adequate oxygen burst in response to membrane stimulation by opsonized zymosan particles. Some middle ear neutrophils are actually capable of producing a greater respiratory burst than their counterparts in the peripheral blood. However, middle ear neutrophils do not show the increased metabolic activity at 40 degrees C, which blood neutrophils regularly displayed compared with tests performed at 37 degrees C. It is believed that this temperature (40 degrees C) is more physiological during infection and might explain why middle ear neutrophils may not always be capable of destroying bacteria, even though they are present in adequate numbers in the middle ear fluid in some cases of acute suppurative otitis media. Further studies are needed to determine the nature of the defect(s) present in middle ear neutrophil at 40 degrees C.