[The effect of natural polyphenol complex of red grape wine on L-arginine/NO system in peripheral blood of rats under low doses of ionizing radiation].

The total activity of NO-synthase and content of stable metabolitic products of nitric oxide in the peripheral blood of rats under low doses of ionizing radiation and administration of natural polyphenol complex of grape was investigated. It was found that natural polyphenol compounds of grapes have the ability to correct radioinduced changes in L-arginine/NO system. It was noted that the action of X-radiation increased activity of NO-synthase in the peripheral blood of rats. However, the consumption of natural polyphenol complex of grape led to a decrease of this index to control values. An increase in NOS activity under irradiation leads to the increase of NO stable metabolites content, which is reflected in the accumulation of nitrite- and nitrate-anions in the peripheral blood of rats. The consumption of preparation of polyphenol complex this index decreased in the early period of the experiment, and on the third day after exposure, the total content of NO stable metabolites is slightly higher compared to the indices of control animals. Thus, the ability of natural polyphenol complex to cause attenuation of oxidative-nitrative stress caused by ionizing radiation was investigated experimentally.

[Protective effect of grape wines in nitrosative stress caused by experimental diabetes mellitus].

It was found that under the diabetes-induced oxidative-nitrosative stress, red and white wines, which polyphenols are considered to be the main active components, decrease the level of nitrotyrosine-modified proteins toward the control level in sciatic nerve, dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord of animals with diabetes mellitus. A decrease of the activity of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 to the control level in the sciatic nerve of diabetic rats with red wine consumption was also shown. During the experiment the body weight of the control group and diabetic groups of rats with consumption of red wine was significantly increased by 52% and 19% accordingly. The present results allow us to assume an important role of red wine and possibility of production of its preparations for prevention and treatment of diabetic neuropathy.

[Effect of L-arginine and aminoguanidine on morphological characteristics of the lymphocyte plasma membranes during experimental diabetes mellitus].

Diameter, the surface area of lymphocytes and their nuclea as well as the reserve potential and regulatory properties of lymphocytes membranes in control rats, in rats with experimental diabetes mellitus before and after administration of L-arginine and aminoguanidine were investigated. Significant difference in size and the membrane fund of lymphocytes in animals with experimental diabetes mellitus was detected. In control lymphocytes, the membrane fund was 70% while during diabetes mellitus it was 40%. Such a difference might be one of the reasons of changes in properties and functional state of lymphocytes in diabetes. Administration of L-arginine and aminoguanidine to diabetic animals caused positive effect: the volume of lymphocytes diminished and the regulatory membrane properties of these cells became better.