Evaluation of CO2-induced azole-based switchable ionic liquid with hydrophobic/hydrophilic reversible transition as single solvent system for coupling lipid extraction and separation from wet microalgae.

The utilization of microalgae as bioenergy source was limited by the excessive cost and energy consumption during the process of lipid extraction and separation. CO2-induced switchable ionic liquids (S-ILs) with reversible hydrophobic-hydrophilic conversion were synthesized and applied for lipid extraction and separation. The reversible transition mechanism of switchable IL is due to the formation of carbamate. The novel approach based on S-ILs was developed for lipid extraction from wet microalgae, which coupled microalgae cell disruption, lipid extraction, separation, and solvent recovery process without additional solvents. The highest lipid extraction efficiencies from wet microalgae were obtained by C6DIPA-Im, and the lipids were recovered from the extraction phase by simply bubbling CO2. Furthermore, C6DIPA-Im maintained more than 83.6 ±â€¯3.6% of its initial lipid extraction efficiency after recycling five times. The S-IL based extraction and separation method provides a new strategy for sustainable bioenergy production.

Extraction and Determination of Quercetin from Ginkgo biloba by DESs-Based Polymer Monolithic Cartridge.

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) were formed from choline chloride (ChCl). DES-modified polymer monolithic (DES-M), template molecular polymer monolithic and non-DES-M without a molecular template were synthesized in identical process. These polymer materials were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The significant selective adsorption properties of the polymers were assessed by an absorption capacity experiment and solid-phase extraction (SPE). The optimized extraction procedure was as follows: ultrasonic time (30 min), optimal solvent (ethanol) and liquid to material ratio (20 mL g-1). Under this condition, the amount of quercetin extracted from Ginkgo biloba was 290.8 mg g-1. The purification of G. biloba was achieved by the SPE process. Based on the results, DESs-based monolithic cartridges can be used for simple and efficient extraction and as a pre-concentration technique for the purification of bioactive compounds or drugs in aqueous environments with high affinity and selectivity.

Exploration of deep eutectic solvent-based molecularly imprinted polymers as solid-phase extraction sorbents for screening chloramphenicol in milk.

Novel deep eutectic solvents modified molecularly imprinted polymers (DESs-MIPs) were synthesized using acrylamide as function monomer, alcohol-based DESs as auxiliary function monomer and chloramphenicol (CAP) as the template. The DESs modified materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and field emission scanning electron microscope. The adsorption results that the choline chloride/ethylene glycol DESs-based MIPs had stable interactions with CAP. So the choline chloride/ethylene glycol DESs-based MIPs were applied as sorbent of minimized pipette-tip solid-phase extraction (PT-SPE) for rapid screening CAP from milk sample. A 1.0 mL washing solvent (n-hexane) and 1.5 mL elution solvent (methanol-acetic acid, 9:1, v/v) were used to purify milk sample by the PT-SPE (recovery of CAP: 96.5%). Comparing with conventional adsorbents such as C18, choline chloride/ethylene glycol DESs-based MIPs showed higher recognition capability to CAP. The proposed method combined the advantages of DESs, MIPs and PT-SPE and it could be applied to the rapid screening and enriching CAP from milk sample.