Assuntos
Departamentos Hospitalares/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviço Hospitalar de Patologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Médicos de Família , Serviço Hospitalar de Radiologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Tomada de Decisões , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Padrões de Prática Médica , Medicina Estatal , Reino UnidoRESUMO
The night work (11 pm-7 am) in primary care in one health district (population 195 212 with 93 general practitioners) was studied over a three month period, starting 1 January 1983. The workload proved to be small (15% of all "out of hours" work for general practitioners). An average of three night visits was done a night in the whole health district, and 26 general practitioners were available for these. On average, over seven doctors were available each night for each patient who required a visit in primary care in the health district. It is concluded that there is only sufficient work for (at maximum) two doctors, and a system is proposed to make more efficient use of the general practitioner's time.
Assuntos
Medicina de Família e Comunidade , Visita Domiciliar/estatística & dados numéricos , Inglaterra , Assistência NoturnaRESUMO
A prospective study is reported comparing conventional localisation with computed tomography (CT) localisation of tumours for radiotherapy treatment planning. One hundred and five out of 320 (33%) patients had an alteration in treatment plan and details are given according to the tumour site. CT planning enables more accurate localisation of both tumour and normal organs in addition to providing an accurate body contour and inhomogeneity corrections. Implications for integration of CT into radiotherapy planning practice are discussed and the impact of CT on treatment policy evaluated.
Assuntos
Neoplasias/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Neoplasias Abdominais/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias/radioterapia , Neoplasias Pélvicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Respiração , Neoplasias Torácicas/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
A method for performing inhomogeneity corrections using a generalised Batho equation is described. The corrections are performed using the quantitative anatomical data produced by a CT scanner. The generalised Batho equation has been implemented on an EMIPLAN 7000 interactive treatment planning system. Details are given of the acquisition of the required data from the CT scan and from the existing stored beam data of the therapy machines.
Assuntos
Radioterapia/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Computadores , MatemáticaRESUMO
In order to assess the role of computed tomography (CT) in radiotherapy treatment planning, tumors were localized by conventional techniques and with CT using an EMI CT5005 scanner. CT scans were obtained under conditions simulating radiotherapy. A comparison between the two localizations was made, and detailed results are given. Forty-seven of 123 patients had their treatment plan altered, implying that, provided information is obtained and used correctly, CT can play a significant role in radiotherapy treatment planning.
Assuntos
Neoplasias/radioterapia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Neoplasias Abdominais/radioterapia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/radioterapia , Humanos , Métodos , Planejamento de Assistência ao Paciente , Neoplasias Pélvicas/radioterapia , Neoplasias Torácicas/radioterapiaRESUMO
Techniques by which the quantitative anatomical data inherent in a CT scan can be directly used in treatment planning are described. The correction algorithms used in the RAD-8 system, based on an effective path length, have been extended to a pixel-by-pixel approach. By calibrating the X-ray transmission CT scanner in terms of electron densities (electron cm-3) inhomogeneity corrections may be made automatically.