Addressing Burnout and Enhancing Well-Being Among Academic Physicians: A Call for Future Research and Organizational Support.

Description Burnout among academic physicians, who navigate multiple roles beyond the clinical environment, is a pressing issue. However, the factors driving burnout among academic physicians are not fully understood. Prior research has revealed differences in burnout dimensions between clinical and basic science faculty, but the impact of balancing research, education, and clinical demands on academic physicians is still unclear. This knowledge gap negatively affects the clinical, translational science, research, and medical education workforces and has particular implications for minoritized and marginalized groups working in academic medical centers. Creating a culture of well-being has been vital in addressing burnout. Further research is needed to explore the unique experiences and demands of academic physicians- particularly those from minoritized and marginalized backgrounds-and to develop effective strategies to promote well-being as they balance diverse roles and contexts. This commentary highlights gaps in understanding burnout among academic physicians and proposes guidelines for future research as well as strategies to improve well-being at academic medical centers.

An Integrative Approach to Addressing Medical Student Mistreatment and Promoting Student Well-Being.

This article reviews the overlapping issues of medical student mistreatment and associated student mental health issues. The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University (AMS) has taken proactive steps to mitigate these challenges, focusing on improving the learning environment through mistreatment prevention and response along with efforts to reduce threats to student wellness. By engaging clinical departments and key stakeholders, AMS has launched an integrative approach designed to promote student success.

Contraception and Breastfeeding.

Postpartum contraception is important to lengthening birth intervals and improving the health of women and children. For breastfeeding women the choice and timing of contraception may influence breastfeeding and infant growth patterns. Nonhormonal methods of contraception are the preferred choice for breastfeeding women. Progestin-only methods comprise a viable next option. Combined hormonal methods of contraception containing estrogen and progestin may be considered as a third option for birth control in breastfeeding women. The objective of this chapter is to review the current literature and recommendations for the use of hormonal and nonhormonal methods of contraception while breastfeeding.

Postpartum prolapsed leiomyoma with uterine inversion managed by vaginal hysterectomy.

Background. Uterine inversion is a rare, but life threatening, obstetrical emergency which occurs when the uterine fundus collapses into the endometrial cavity. Various conservative and surgical therapies have been outlined in the literature for the management of uterine inversions. Case. We present a case of a chronic, recurrent uterine inversion, which was diagnosed following spontaneous vaginal delivery and recurred seven weeks later. The uterine inversion was likely due to a leiomyoma. This late-presenting, chronic, recurring uterine inversion was treated with a vaginal hysterectomy. Conclusion. Uterine inversions can occur in both acute and chronic phases. Persistent vaginal bleeding with the appearance of a prolapsing fibroid should prompt further investigation for uterine inversion and may require surgical therapy. A vaginal hysterectomy may be an appropriate management option in select populations and may be considered in women who do not desire to maintain reproductive function.

Lactational ectopic breast tissue of the vulva: case report and brief historical review.

Ectopic breast tissue is defined as glands of breast tissue located outside of the normal anatomic breasts. Historically, ectopic breast tissue has been thought to arise from a remnant of the embryonic mammary ridge along the "milk line" or the midaxillary line from the axilla to the groin, including the vulvar region. Extramammary tissue displays the same pathologic and physiologic changes as normal breast tissue and is often discovered in multiparous women as the result of swelling from lactational activity. We present a case report of a gravid patient with lactating vulvar mass and a brief historical perspective of vulvar ectopic breast tissue.

Lactogenesis failure following successful delivery of advanced abdominal pregnancy.

Abdominal pregnancy is a rare condition with significant risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Because of the vascular involvement, the placenta is often left in situ. Prior reports have neglected to discuss the implications of leaving the placenta in situ on breastfeeding and lactation. We present a case of failure of lactogenesis II following the successful delivery of an advanced abdominal pregnancy in which the placenta was left in situ. This is the first report to discuss the effects on lactation of leaving the placenta in situ as a conservative management option in advanced abdominal pregnancy.

Birthing support and breastfeeding initiation in Somaliland: experiences at the Edna Adan Maternity Hospital in Hargeisa, Somaliland.

BACKGROUND: Research has identified a relationship between birthing practices and breastfeeding initiation Continuous support during labor and delivery is a key component to increasing breastfeeding initiation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this project was to assess the impact of labor support on breastfeeding initiation in a setting in which women receive traditional birthing support from female family members. METHODS: Research was conducted at the Edna Adan Maternity Hospital in Hargeisa, Somaliland using the grounded theory method of qualitative research. Semi-structured interviews, direct observations and participant observations were conducted. A purposeful, non-statistical sample was chosen: ten women, five family members, six health care providers and five birth observations were included. The CDC EZ-Text, a software program developed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention for use in qualitative research, was used in managing and analyzing the data. Data analysis and interpretation was conducted using micro-analysis, open, axial and selective coding procedures. RESULTS: The results indicated that due to cultural influences, contradictory beliefs and practices, lack of critical thinking and lack of long term planning, traditional birthing support was not always indicative of immediate breastfeeding initiation. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a labor companion is a low-cost, preventative intervention that is consistent with the cultural practices of Somaliland. Breastfeeding education and support should, therefore, include a tertiary approach which includes pregnant and birthing women, labor support persons or family members and health care providers.

Elective preterm delivery as a management option in cryptogenic organizing pneumonia.

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia, now termed as cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), is a fibrotic lung disease of the small airways with the potential to progress to end-stage lung disease. COP in pregnancy carries a high risk of maternal and neonatal complications and only two prior cases have been reported. This is the first case of pre-existing COP in pregnancy. We report a 16-year-old primigravid with COP who elected inpatient management and preterm delivery as a successful management option.