Ureteral substitution using appendix for a ureteral defect caused by a retroperitoneal rhabdomyosarcoma in a child.

A 7-year-old boy was diagnosed with a recurrent embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in the retroperitoneum. After resection of the mass, direct end-to-end anastomosis of the ureter was not possible owing to the length of the resected segment. Accordingly, we performed ureteral substitution by using the appendix to repair the ureteral defect.

Risk factors of infectious complication after ureteroscopic procedures of the upper urinary tract.

Ureteroscopic procedures are being commonly performed in urology, but only a few clinical studies have been conducted on infectious complications after these procedures, and overall understanding on the preoperative use of prophylactic antibiotics is insufficient. This study examined the incidence rate of infectious complications and the risk factors affecting incidence after ureteroscopic procedures. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 531 patients who underwent ureteroscopy and ureteroscopic lithotripsy in our hospital, including age, sex, past history, comorbidity, urine analysis, urine culture, blood test, hydronephrosis, urethral catheter or ureteral stent, and percutaneous nephrostomy placement from January 2002 to December 2011. A total of 20 patients (3.8%) contracted infectious complications after various procedures in the upper urinary tract. Preoperative bacteriuria, hydronephrosis, and the placement of a urethral catheter or ureteral stent, and percutaneous nephrostomy are significant risk factors of infectious complication. No significant differences were shown in the types and start time of prophylactic antibiotics. Diagnostic ureteroscopy exhibited a higher incidence rate of infectious complications compared to ureteroscopic lithotripsy.

The Prevalence and Characteristic Differences in Prostatic Calcification between Health Promotion Center and Urology Department Outpatients.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the differences in calculi characteristics and their prevalence according to the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms between adult patients examined at the Urology Department and those examined at the Health Promotion Center (HPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prevalence of prostatic calcification, characteristics of calculi (number, size, and location), and differences in lower urinary tract symptoms were compared and analyzed for 479 subjects who underwent transrectal ultrasonography at the HPC and the Urology Outpatients Department at our hospital from October 2009 to October 2010. RESULTS: Of 479 subjects, 268 patients were examined at the HPC, and 211 were examined at the Urology Outpatients Department. Between the two groups, age, prostate-specific antigen levels, prostate volume transrectal ultrasonography, International Prostate Symptom Score (total, voiding, and storage), quality of life, and the prostatic calcification rate were significantly higher in the patients who visited the Urology Outpatients Department. The prevalence of prostatic calcification was 41.5% (199/479), with 36.1% (97/268) from the HPC and 48.3% (102/211) from the Urology Outpatients Department. When the characteristics of prostatic calcification were compared, there were no significant differences in the appearance, size, or location of the calculi between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of prostatic calcification was high in patients complaining of lower urinary tract symptoms; however, there were no significant differences in the characteristics of the calculi. This finding leads us to believe that prostatic calcification can aggravate lower urinary tract symptoms but does not result in differences according to the number, size, or appearance of the calculi.