RESUMO
The lateral corticospinal tract is the major motor pathway in humans. The role of this tract on walking, however, is uncertain. The development of diffusion tensor tractography enables corticospinal tract status to be visualized at the subcortical level. In the present study, we undertook to demonstrate that some stroke patients can walk despite complete lateral corticospinal tract injury. Ten stroke patients who were able to walk with evidence of complete unilateral lateral corticospinal tract injury, as determined by clinical course, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and diffusion tensor tractography, were recruited. We conclude that some stroke patients can walk despite complete lateral corticospinal tract injury of the affected hemisphere.
Assuntos
Lateralidade Funcional/fisiologia , Tratos Piramidais/fisiopatologia , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/patologia , Caminhada/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Encéfalo/patologia , Mapeamento Encefálico , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Polyps are believed to be the source of mucus hypersecretion in chronic inflammation of the sinus. However, it is not clear which mucins are responsible for the hypersecretion of mucus by nasal polyps. We describe the over-expression of MUC8 mRNA in nasal polyps and the upregulation of MUC8 mRNA expression and downregulation of MUC5AC mRNA expression by inflammatory mediators. We found that the level of MUC8 mRNA, but not the level of MUC5AC mRNA, increased in nasal polyps. We also found that there was an increase in intracellular mucin in nasal polyps, compared to the normal nasal inferior turbinate. A mixture of inflammatory mediators increased MUC8 mRNA expression and decreased MUC5AC mRNA expression in cultured normal human nasal epithelial cells. Among inflammatory mediators, IL-4 is responsible for the decrease in MUC5AC mRNA and MUC5AC mucin secretion. These results indicate that MUC8 may be one of the major mucins secreted from the polyp epithelium and that it may play an important role in the pathogenesis of mucus hypersecretion in chronic sinusitis with polyps.
