Evaluation of Sinonasal Change After Lefort I Osteotomy Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images.

Orthognathic surgery including Le Fort I osteotomy involves changes in the nasal septum and maxillary sinus. This study assesses nasal septum changes after Le Fort I osteotomy using cone beam computed tomography images and evaluates mucosal changes in the maxillary sinus after the surgery.This was a retrospective study of 33 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery including Le Fort I osteotomy. To assess the maxillary sinus, changes in the mucosa of the maxillary sinus were analyzed by volume and geometry. We measured the air cavity per se and mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus using SIMPLANT (Materialise, Belgium) software. And the geometry of the distribution of the mucosa was analyzed using cone beam computed tomography images.The septal angle was decreased after surgery, but not significantly (P > 0.05). The volume reduction of the air cavity per se and the volume increase associated with mucosal thickening were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Mucosal thickening was observed in the posterior-inferior direction.In this study, nasal septum deviation was not statistically significant after Le Fort I osteotomy. Decrease of the air cavity per se, decrease of the total volume of the maxillary sinus, and increase of mucosal thickening were prominent. Furthermore, the mucosal thickening that occurs after surgery appears to be mainly in the posterior lower part of the maxillary sinus.

A western Eurasian male is found in 2000-year-old elite Xiongnu cemetery in Northeast Mongolia.

We analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), Y-chromosome single nucleotide polymorphisms (Y-SNP), and autosomal short tandem repeats (STR) of three skeletons found in a 2,000-year-old Xiongnu elite cemetery in Duurlig Nars of Northeast Mongolia. This study is one of the first reports of the detailed genetic analysis of ancient human remains using the three types of genetic markers. The DNA analyses revealed that one subject was an ancient male skeleton with maternal U2e1 and paternal R1a1 haplogroups. This is the first genetic evidence that a male of distinctive Indo-European lineages (R1a1) was present in the Xiongnu of Mongolia. This might indicate an Indo-European migration into Northeast Asia 2,000 years ago. Other specimens are a female with mtDNA haplogroup D4 and a male with Y-SNP haplogroup C3 and mtDNA haplogroup D4. Those haplogroups are common in Northeast Asia. There was no close kinship among them. The genetic evidence of U2e1 and R1a1 may help to clarify the migration patterns of Indo-Europeans and ancient East-West contacts of the Xiongnu Empire. Artifacts in the tombs suggested that the Xiongnu had a system of the social stratification. The West Eurasian male might show the racial tolerance of the Xiongnu Empire and some insight into the Xiongnu society.