The phenotypic changes of γδ T cells in COVID-19 patients

A novel pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome named coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which caused by SARS-CoV-2 and broken in Wuhan, China in the end of 2019. Unfortunately, there is no specific antiviral agent or vaccine available to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections. Also, information regarding the immunological characteristics in COVID-19 patients remains limited. Here we collected the blood samples from 18 healthy donors (HD) and 38 COVID-19 patients to analyze changes in {gamma}{delta} T cells. In comparison to HD, the {gamma}{delta} T cells percentage was decreased. {gamma}{delta} T cells are able to immediately respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection and upregulate the activation marker CD25. In addition, the increased expression of CD4 in {gamma}{delta} T cells may serve as a biomarker for the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Analysis of adaptive immune cell populations and phenotypes in the patients infected by SARS-CoV-2

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has rapidly spread to most of countries in the world, threatening the health and lives of many people. Unfortunately, information regarding the immunological characteristics in COVID-19 patients remains limited. Here we collected the blood samples from 18 healthy donors (HD) and 38 COVID-19 patients to analyze changes in the adaptive immune cell populations and phenotypes. In comparison to HD, the lymphocyte percentage was slightly decreased, the percentages of CD4 and CD8 T cells in lymphocytes are similar, whereas B cell percentage increased in COVID-19 patients. T cells, especially CD8 T cells, showed an enhanced expression of late activation marker CD25 and exhaustion marker PD-1. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 induced an increased percentage of T follicular helpher (Tfh)- and germinal center B-like (GCB-like) cells in the blood. However, the parameters in COVD-19 patients remained unchanged across various age groups. Therefore, we demonstrated that the T and B cells can be activated normally and exhibit functional features. These data provide a clue that the adaptive immunity in most people could be primed to induce a significant immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection upon receiving standard medical care.

Autogenous micromorselized bone grafting mixed with bone morphogenetic protein-2 to repair infected nonunion / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:The treatment of infected nonunion is a difficult problem in orthopedic trauma, which needs to completely eliminate foci of osteomyelitis to control infection, repair soft tissue defect and close the wound, repairs bone defects to promote healing and protect limb function as much as possible. Autogenous micromorselized bone can be easily obtained and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 has variety of sources. Their mixed grafting mode is safe and reliable in repairing of bone defects, which are suitable for repair of infected nonunion. ＜br> OBJECTIVE:To study the operating method and clinical results of repairing infected nonunion using autogenous micromorselized bone grafting mixed with bone morphogenetic protein-2. ＜br> METHODS:Twenty-three cases underwent infected nonunion repair with autogenous micromorselized bone (l ium, long bone metaphyseal cancellous bone) mixed with bone morphogenetic protein-2, including 7 cases of femoral bone defect caused by osteomyelitis after debridement and external fixation and 16 cases of tibial bone infected nonunion. Eleven of 23 cases continued to use the external fixation because of scar contraction or poor conditions of soft tissue, and the other 12 cases switched to use internal fixation. X-tray was taken to evaluate the bone healing at the 1st, 3rd, 6th and 12th months after operation. The function of the affected extremity was assessed by Johner-Wruhs grade. ＜br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al of the cases were averagely fol owed up for 13.4 months. The bone defects and bone fracture healed in al cases without infection, and the wounds were al sealed. The excellent and good rate according to Johner-Wruhs grade was 95%. These findings indicate that the bone grafting mode of autogenous micromorselized bone mixed with bone morphogenetic protein-2 is characterized as variety of sources, high safety and reliable osteogenic ability in repair of bone defects.

Quantitative determination of Hantavirus mRNA with multiple TaqMan-MGB fluorescence quantitative RTPCR and its value in clinical diagnosis / 中国基层医药

Objective To establish a sensitive and specific method for quantitative detection of Hantavirus RNA in serum of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)by means of multiple TaqMan-MGB fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR.Methods 96 copies of HFRS have been selected as the test object patients serum,according to hantaan viruses(HV)strains sequence to design primer and TaqManTM probe,through the preparation of genomic DNA primers concentration,probe concentration and other conditions for optimization,the initial formation of HV virus multiple TaqMan-MGB fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR fast detection methods.Results Through the optimization laboratory conditions were after muhiple TaqMan-MGB fluorescence quantitative RT-polymerase chain reaction(PCR)are the most iueal reaction conditions,set up the rapid detection of HV virus method,test process process for 1.5 hours.Conclusion Multiple TaqMan-MGB fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR has high sensitivity,high specific characteristics,detection of short time,improve the detection of the hantaan viruses,help to diagnosis.

Prostecdtive efficacy of one-stage bone grafting treating chronic osteomyelitis after debridement / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the prostecdtive efficacy of one-stage bone grafting in man-aging chronic osteomyelitis after debridement.Methods From March 1999 to May 2003, 79 patients with chronic osteomyelitis including 28 patients with nonunion underwent one-stage autogenous bone graft-ing, allografts or mixed bone grafting after debridement in Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command.All patients were followed up for a mean period of 77 months (60-111 months).Results Six patients (8%) , including two with autogenous bone grafting, three with allografts and one with mixed bone grafting, were confirmed with recurrence of infection, with no statistical difference among three methods of bone grafting.Of 28 patients with nonunion, 23 patients with autogenous bone grafting and two with allografting obtained union, the other three patients with mixed bone grafting obtained union in two patients but resulted in recurrence of infection with nonunion in one, with cure rate of 96% (27/28).Conclusions One-stage bone grafting after debridement for infection and bone union can reach cure rate of over 90%.The recurrence of infection mostly occurs within the first year after operation, with stable long-term curative effect.

Treatment of refractory bone nonunion with cancellous bone autograft plus external fixator / 中华创伤杂志

Objective To investigate the curative effect of granulated cancellous bone autograft in treatment of refractory bone nonunion after limited contouring of bone ends. Methods Between 2003 and 2006, 13 patients with refractory bone nonunion were treated with external fixation and granulated cancellous bone autograft after limited contouring of bone ends. Results The mean follow-up period was 22.6 months (19-30 months), which showed that all patients gained bone union and resumed com-plete weight loading or previous job at final follow-up. The mean fixation time of external fixators was 10.6 months (7-18 months). The intermittent or persistent pin-track infection occurred in eight patients and relieved by pin-track care and oral or parenteral antibiotics, with no infection after removing external fixator. Conclusion The granulated cancellous bone autograft after limited contouring of bone ends is an effective method for treatment of refractory bone nonunion.