RESUMO
Most conventional aging research has limited its approach concerning the head and face shape and skin condition to the frontal face. However, in our daily lives, we observe facial features from various angles, which may reveal or obscure aging features that could only be identified under limited conditions in the past. This study systematically investigates the effect of facial observation angles-specifically, of horizontal and vertical angles-on age impression. A total of 112 Japanese women aged 20-49 years participated as observers who evaluated the age impressions of 280 Japanese women aged 20-69 years. A two-way analysis of the variance of the age impression score was conducted for two factors: observation angle (five angles with yaw and pitch directions) and age group (five ages, from the 20s to the 60s). The results reveal that, as compared with frontal observation, the perceived age tended to decrease with the facial observation angles and that the effect of the angle on perceived age decreased with increasing age, especially for the profile face. Understanding the effect of the facial observation angle on age impression and clarifying the characteristics of the face and skin not perceived in the frontal face will provide useful knowledge to make people look youthful, look more beautiful, and be happier in all aspects of their lives.
Assuntos
População do Leste Asiático , Envelhecimento da Pele , Humanos , Feminino , Envelhecimento , BelezaRESUMO
We form impressions of others by observing their constant and dynamically-shifting facial expressions during conversation and other daily life activities. However, conventional aging research has mainly considered the changing characteristics of the skin, such as wrinkles and age-spots, within very limited states of static faces. In order to elucidate the range of aging impressions that we make in daily life, it is necessary to consider the effects of facial movement. This study investigated the effects of facial movement on age impressions. An age perception test using Japanese women as face models was employed to verify the effects of the models' age-dependent facial movements on age impression in 112 participants (all women, aged 20-49 years) as observers. Further, the observers' gaze was analyzed to identify the facial areas of interests during age perception. The results showed that cheek movement affects age impressions, and that the impressions increase depending on the model's age. These findings will facilitate the development of new means of provoking a more youthful impression by approaching anti-aging from a different viewpoint of facial movement.
Assuntos
Bochecha/fisiologia , Face/fisiologia , Expressão Facial , Músculos Faciais/fisiologia , Movimento , Envelhecimento da Pele/fisiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Epiderme/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Junções Íntimas/metabolismo , beta-Defensinas/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Claudina-1/metabolismo , Impedância Elétrica , Humanos , Ocludina/metabolismo , Permeabilidade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo RealRESUMO
The state of the skin changes drastically depending on the ambient temperature. Skin epidermal keratinocytes express thermosensitive transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) cation channels, TRPV3 and TRPV4. These multimodal receptors are activated by various kinds of chemical and physical stimuli, including warm temperatures (>30°C). It has been suggested that TRPV4 is involved in cell-cell junction maturation; however, the effect of temperature fluctuations on TRPV4-dependent barrier homeostasis is unclear. In the present study, we demonstrated that activation of TRPV4 was crucial for barrier formation and recovery, both of which were critical for the prevention of excess dehydration of human skin keratinocytes. TRPV4 activation by physiological skin temperature (33°C), GSK1016790A or 4α-PDD allowed influx of Ca(2+) from extracellular spaces which promoted cell-cell junction development. These changes resulted in augmentation of intercellular barrier integrity in vitro and ex vivo. TRPV4 disruption reduced the increase in trans-epidermal resistance and increased intercellular permeation after a Ca(2+) switch. Furthermore, barrier recovery after the disruption of the stratum corneum was accelerated by the activation of TRPV4 either by warm temperature or a chemical activator. Our results suggest that physiological skin temperatures play important roles in cell-cell junction and skin barrier homeostasis through TRPV4 activation.
Assuntos
Epiderme/fisiologia , Queratinócitos/fisiologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Pele , Canais de Cátion TRPV/metabolismo , Cálcio/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Desidratação/metabolismo , Epiderme/metabolismo , Homeostase/fisiologia , Humanos , Junções Intercelulares/metabolismo , Junções Intercelulares/fisiologia , Queratinócitos/metabolismo , Pele/metabolismo , Temperatura , beta Catenina/metabolismoRESUMO
16-hydroxy-9-oxo-10E,12E,14E-octadecatrienoic acid, also known as Corchorifatty acid B (CFAB), is isolated from the ethanol extracts of the aerial parts of Melissa officinalis Linné (Labiatae) and exhibits inhibitory effects on cellular pigmentation in both human melanocytes and mouse melanoma B16 cells. CFAB specifically decreases cellular melanin by most likely inducing rapid degradation of tyrosinase in B16 cells. Interestingly, unlike other reagents that promote degradation of tyrosinase in proteasomes or lysosomes, neither proteasomal nor lysosomal inhibitors can halt CFAB-induced tyrosinase degradation. Only brefeldin A, which specifically inhibits protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex, can effectively impede CFAB-induced tyrosinase decrease. These results suggest that CFAB-induced tyrosinase decrease occurs in post-Golgi compartments but not in proteasomal or lysosomal compartments. Taken together, CFAB is a unique reagent that primarily accelerates tyrosinase decrease by a mechanism that differs from those considered for other hypopigmentation reagents currently reported.
Assuntos
Ácidos Linolênicos/farmacologia , Melaninas/metabolismo , Melanócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Melissa/química , Cloreto de Amônio/farmacologia , Animais , Brefeldina A/farmacologia , Células Cultivadas , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Expressão Gênica/genética , Humanos , Lisossomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Lisossomos/metabolismo , Melanócitos/metabolismo , Melanoma Experimental , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Camundongos , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/antagonistas & inibidores , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/genética , Monofenol Mono-Oxigenase/metabolismo , Oxirredutases/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacologia , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/efeitos dos fármacos , Complexo de Endopeptidases do Proteassoma/metabolismo , Pigmentação da Pele/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
In the course of our search for new melanin synthesis inhibitors from plants, 40 new flavonoids and 11 known flavonoids were isolated from the roots of Lespedeza floribunda Bunge. The structures of the new compounds were determined by MS and NMR analyses, and the absolute configurations by CD spectra. Many of the compounds inhibited melanin synthesis in normal human epidermal melanocytes (NHEM), and compounds 3, 7, 8, 11, 16, 24, 27, 29, 33, 43, 45, and 51 were particularly inhibitory. Their activities were stronger than that of hydroquinone, which is known as a major skin-lightening drug.
Assuntos
Flavonoides/isolamento & purificação , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Lespedeza/química , Melaninas/antagonistas & inibidores , Melaninas/biossíntese , Melanócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas Medicinais/química , Epiderme/efeitos dos fármacos , Flavonoides/química , Humanos , Japão , Melanócitos/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Raízes de Plantas/químicaRESUMO
From the roots of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, 45 flavonoids were isolated along with 20 new and 25 known compounds. Lipophilic flavonoids 2, 3, 7, 9, 11, 28, 30, and 39 exhibited strong inhibitory activities on melanin synthesis in normal human epidermal melanocytes.