Application of arterial spin labeling techniques in autism spectrum disorder with or without global developmental delay / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To measure and compare the cerebral blood flow(CBF)of children with autism spectrum disorder(ASD),global developmental delay(GDD),and ASD with GDD groups via arterial spin labeling(ASL)technique,and to evaluate the diag-nostic value of CBF values.Methods ASL images of ASD,GDD,and ASD with GDD groups of children were firstly acquired,and the CBF values of frontal lobe,temporal lobe,parietal lobe,occipital lobe,striatum and thalamus region of interest(ROI)were fur-ther measured,respectively.One-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the differences in CBF values among these three groups,and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the efficacy of CBF values in distinguishing ASD with GDD from without GDD.Results ASD with GDD had significantly lower CBF values in the left and right frontal lobes than those with ASD or GDD alone,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The CBF values in the left and right frontal lobes effectively distinguished ASD with GDD from without GDD[area under the curve(AUC)>0.7].Conclusion ASL technique can noninvasively assess CBF in children with or without GDD,helping to understand the pathophysiology of ASD with GDD and improving diagnostic accuracy.

Analysis of prognostic factors in patients with recurrent and metastatic esophageal carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The aim of this study was to explore the influencing factors of prognosis for recurrent and metastatic esophageal carcinoma, and to provide reference for clinical treatment for these patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinicopathological and follow-up data of 247 patients with recurrent and metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after radical resection were retrospectively reviewed, combined with analysis of prognostic factors in these patients. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the survival, difference between groups was compared by Log rank test, and Cox model was used for multivariate analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 247 recurrent and metastatic patients, locoregional recurrence was in 139 patients (56.3%), distant metastasis in 60 patients (24.3%), and combined recurrence in 48 patients (19.4%). The survival time was 1 to 42 months in the 247 patients, and the median survival time was 10 months. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rate after recurrence and metastasis was 26.4%, 6.3% and 2.4%, respectively. Univariate analysis indicated that regional lymph node metastasis of the primary tumor, distant lymph node metastasis, clinical staging, interval between operation and recurrence, recurrent and metastatic patterns, and treatment methods after recurrence and metastasis were influencing factors of prognosis (all P<0.05). Cox multivariate analysis indicated that clinical staging of the primary tumor, interval between operation and recurrence, recurrent and metastatic patterns, and treatment methods after recurrence and metastasis were independent factors influencing prognosis (all P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The prognosis of patients with recurrent and metastatic esophageal carcinoma is poor, and it is affected by many factors. Comprehensive treatment is effective in prolonging the survival time of the patients.</p>