Clinical significance and risk factors for new onset and recurring atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery - a retrospective data analysis.

BACKGROUND: Although mortality after cardiac surgery has significantly decreased in the last decade, patients still experience clinically relevant postoperative complications. Among others, atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common consequence of cardiac surgery, which is associated with prolonged hospitalization and increased mortality. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, valve surgery or a combination of both at the University Hospital Muenster between April 2014 and July 2015. We evaluated the incidence of new onset and intermittent/permanent AF (patients with pre- and postoperative AF). Furthermore, we investigated the impact of postoperative AF on clinical outcomes and evaluated potential risk factors. RESULTS: In total, 999 patients were included in the analysis. New onset AF occurred in 24.9% of the patients and the incidence of intermittent/permanent AF was 59.5%. Both types of postoperative AF were associated with prolonged ICU length of stay (median increase approx. 2 days) and duration of mechanical ventilation (median increase 1 h). Additionally, new onset AF patients had a higher rate of dialysis and hospital mortality and more positive fluid balance on the day of surgery and postoperative days 1 and 2. In a multiple logistic regression model, advanced age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.448 per decade increase, p < 0.0001), a combination of CABG and valve surgery (OR = 1.711, p = 0.047), higher C-reactive protein (OR = 1.06 per unit increase, p < 0.0001) and creatinine plasma concentration (OR = 1.287 per unit increase, p = 0.032) significantly predicted new onset AF. Higher Horowitz index values were associated with a reduced risk (OR = 0.996 per unit increase, p = 0.012). In a separate model, higher plasma creatinine concentration (OR = 2.125 per unit increase, p = 0.022) was a significant risk factor for intermittent/permanent AF whereas higher plasma phosphate concentration (OR = 0.522 per unit increase, p = 0.003) indicated reduced occurrence of this arrhythmia. CONCLUSIONS: New onset and intermittent/permanent AF are associated with adverse clinical outcomes of elective cardiac surgery patients. Different risk factors implicated in postoperative AF suggest different mechanisms might be involved in its pathogenesis. Customized clinical management protocols seem to be warranted for a higher success rate of prevention and treatment of postoperative AF.

Female Wistar rats obtained from different breeders vary in anxiety-like behavior and epileptogenesis.

Outbred rats are widely used in biomedical research studies. The genotypic variation, different housing and handling conditions during development, and gender of used rats can be expected to cause variations in behavior and epileptogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that adult female Wistar rats from different breeders vary in anxiety-like behavior, seizure susceptibility, and epileptogenesis in the kindling model of temporal lobe epilepsy. In female Wistar rats from three different commercial breeders ([HsdCpb:WU], [Crl:WI(Han)], and [RjHan:WI]), anxiety-like behavior was monitored in the open field and the elevated plus maze. Wistar rats from Charles River showed lower locomotor activity and higher anxiety-like behavior compared to Wistar rats from Harlan-Winkelmann and Janvier. Female Wistar rats from Harlan-Winkelmann showed the lowest anxiety-like behavior and the highest exploratory behavior. Subsequently, rats were kindled by daily electrical stimulation of the right amygdala as a model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Wistar rats from Charles River exhibited significantly increased cumulative motor seizure duration and cumulative afterdischarge duration until seizure generalization compared to Harlan-Winkelmann and Janvier rats. In other words, Wistar rats from Charles River showed a longer time of focal seizures until generalization, reflecting a slower epileptogenesis in these rats. The initial afterdischarge threshold did not differ significantly between Wistar rats from the three breeders, indicating that baseline seizure susceptibility is not different between the three groups. In conclusion, female Wistar outbred rats from different breeders showed variations in anxiety-like behavior and epileptogenesis. Decisions about appropriate commercial colonies used for biomedical research should be taken with caution.