Characteristics and management of dental implants displaced into the maxillary sinus: a systematic review.

The displacement of dental implants into the maxillary sinus is increasingly reported and may lead to serious complications. Better knowledge of this condition could help clinicians improve their practice, but it is difficult to draw conclusions from the current literature. Therefore, a systematic review was performed to describe the main characteristics of dental implant displacement, as well as its management and temporal evolution over a 31-year period. This review was conducted according to the PRISMA methodology. The PubMed/Scopus electronic databases were searched to December 2021. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools. A total of 73 articles reporting 321 patients with displaced dental implants were included. Implants located in the upper first molar site were the most frequently involved (23.7%). Displacement occurred mainly during the first 6 months after implant placement (62.6%). The majority became symptomatic (56.2%), most often due to maxillary sinusitis and/or oroantral communication (44.2%). The surgical approaches to remove displaced implants were the lateral approach (38.1%), the Caldwell-Luc approach (27.2%), and endoscopic nasal surgery (23.1%). This review highlights the importance of preventive measures: avoiding implant displacement by careful pre-implantation radiographic analysis, but also preventing infectious complications through early removal of the displaced implant (PROSPERO CRD42021279473).

[Anterior mandibular bone augmentation techniques. Literature review]. / Les augmentations osseuses mandibulaires antérieures. Revue de la littérature.

INTRODUCTION: Mandibular edentation may lead to major symphyseal resorption making the placement of dental implants impossible. In this situation, bone augmentation techniques are available. The goal of our study was to make a review of the literature of the different techniques in use. METHOD: A bibliographic research was conducted on the Medline, Ovid and Cochrane Library databases with the following keywords: anterior mandible, bone grafting, mandibular symphysis reconstruction. We selected only articles written in English, published from January 1975 to August 2014 and expressly dealing with anterior mandibular bone augmentation techniques. RESULTS: Sixty-nine articles were analyzed. Eight bone augmentation techniques were reported. Bone grafting using iliac or calvarial bone and immediate or delayed implantation was the most popular technique. The main complications were infection, exposure or resorption of the graft, and chin and lip hypo- or anesthesia. The other reported techniques (osteotomies, distraction osteogenesis, transmandibular implants, mandibular reconstruction plates, fibula free flaps) were more confidential or had specific indications. There was no indication for biomaterials excepted if combined with autologous bone.