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1.
Eur Heart J Digit Health ; 5(3): 199-207, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38774369

RESUMO

Social media (SoMe) has witnessed remarkable growth and emerged as a dominant method of communication worldwide. Platforms such as Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), LinkedIn, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube have become important tools of the digital native generation. In the field of medicine, particularly, cardiology, attitudes towards SoMe have shifted, and professionals increasingly utilize it to share scientific findings, network with experts, and enhance teaching and learning. Notably, SoMe is being leveraged for teaching purposes, including the sharing of challenging and intriguing cases. However, sharing patient data, including photos or images, online carries significant implications and risks, potentially compromising individual privacy both online and offline. Privacy and data protection are fundamental rights within European Union treaties, and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) serves as the cornerstone of data protection legislation. The GDPR outlines crucial requirements, such as obtaining 'consent' and implementing 'anonymization', that must be met before sharing sensitive and patient-identifiable information. Additionally, it is vital to consider the patient's perspective and prioritize ethical and social considerations when addressing challenges associated with sharing patient information on SoMe platforms. Given the absence of a peer-review process and clear guidelines, we present an initial approach, a code of conduct, and recommendations for the ethical use of SoMe. In conclusion, this comprehensive review underscores the importance of a balanced approach that ensures patient privacy and upholds ethical standards while harnessing the immense potential of SoMe to advance cardiology practice and facilitate knowledge dissemination.

2.
Purinergic Signal ; 17(3): 481-492, 2021 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34282551

RESUMO

Extracellular nucleotides act as danger signals that orchestrate inflammation by purinergic receptor activation. The expression pattern of different purinergic receptors may correlate with a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype. Macrophages function as pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages (M1) or anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages (M2). The present study found that murine bone marrow-derived macrophages express a unique purinergic receptor profile during in vitro polarization. As assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Gαs-coupled P1 receptors A2A and A2B are upregulated in M1 and M2 compared to M0, but A2A 15 times higher in M1. The ionotropic P2 receptor P2X5 is selectively upregulated in M1- and M2-polarized macrophages. P2X7 is temporarily expressed in M1 macrophages. Metabotropic P2Y receptors showed a distinct expression profile in M1 and M2-polarized macrophages: Gαq coupled P2Y1 and P2Y6 are exclusively upregulated in M2, whereas Gαi P2Y13 and P2Y14 are overexpressed in M1. This consequently leads to functional differences between M1 and M2 in response to adenosine di-phosphate stimulation (ADP): In contrast to M1, M2 showed increased cytoplasmatic calcium after ADP stimulation. In the present study we show that bone marrow-derived macrophages express a unique repertoire of purinergic receptors. We show for the first time that the repertoire of purinergic receptors is highly flexible and quickly adapts upon pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophage differentiation with functional consequences to nucleotide stimulation.


Assuntos
Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Receptores Purinérgicos/biossíntese , Transcriptoma/fisiologia , Animais , Polaridade Celular/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Camundongos , Receptores Purinérgicos/genética
3.
Theriogenology ; 114: 63-69, 2018 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29597125

RESUMO

The deposition of semen into the uterus of the horse induces a transient innate immune response that lasts 24-36 h in the normal mare. There exists a subset of mares that are unable to resolve this inflammation in a timely manner, and are classified as susceptible to the disease of persistent breeding-induced endometritis (PBIE). Lactoferrin is a protein of interest as a potential therapeutic for this persistent inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory and bactericidal properties. The addition of human recombinant lactoferrin (hrLF) to the insemination dose was previously shown to suppress mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α at 6 h after insemination, but no studies have shown the effect of lactoferrin when infused post-breeding. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (1) assess the safety of intra-uterine infusion of hrLF, (2) evaluate the effect of intrauterine infusion of hrLF post-breeding as a modulator of the immune response to breeding in the susceptible mare, and (3) determine the most effective concentration of hrLF. For the first experiment four normal mares received an intrauterine infusion of 500 µg/mL hrLF resuspended in 10 mL lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) and heart rate, rectal temperature, respiration, and endometrial quality were evaluated. For the second experiment, six mares classified as susceptible to PBIE were bred during estrus with 500 × 106 progressively motile sperm comprised of the ejaculates from two stallions, which were centrifuged over Androcoll-E to remove seminal plasma. Each insemination dose was resuspended in 30 mL LRS. Six hours after breeding, a 1L LRS uterine lavage was performed prior to treatments. Four treatments were administered over four consecutive estrous cycles in randomized order of: 10 mL LRS (vehicle control), 50 µg/mL hrLF resuspended in 10 mL LRS, 250 µg/mL hrLF resuspended in 10 mL LRS, and 500 µg/mL hrLF resuspended in 10 mL LRS. Twenty-four hours after breeding the mares were evaluated via transrectal ultrasonography for fluid retention. A low volume uterine lavage (250 mL LRS) was performed and the effluent was evaluated for polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Finally, an endometrial biopsy was obtained for qPCR analysis of selected inflammatory cytokines. Lactoferrin had no significant overall effect on vital signs or endometrial quality. The addition of hrLF (50 µg/mL, 250 µg/mL, 500 µg/mL) did not significantly affect the amount of fluid detected post-breeding, but suppressed the ratio of PMNs to epithelial cells at all three concentrations compared to controls. In addition, all three concentrations of hrLF increased the mRNA expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN), while the 50 µg/mL dose significantly suppressed mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon gamma (IFNγ). In conclusion, the infusion of hrLF post-breeding was found to modulate the inflammatory response to breeding in the mare, and appears to be most effective at the 50 µg/mL concentration.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Endometrite/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/prevenção & controle , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Lactoferrina/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Temperatura Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Cruzamento , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/metabolismo , Endometrite/etiologia , Endometrite/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Cavalos , Humanos , Inseminação Artificial/efeitos adversos , Lactoferrina/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Recombinantes/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacologia , Respiração/efeitos dos fármacos
4.
Thromb Haemost ; 112(2): 379-89, 2014 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24652469

RESUMO

The co-stimulatory immune molecule CD40L figures prominently in a variety of inflammatory conditions including arterial disease. Recently, we made the surprising finding that CD40L mediates atherogenesis independently of its classic receptor CD40 via a novel interaction with the leukocyte integrin Mac-1. Here, we hypothesised that selective blockade of the CD40L-Mac-1 interaction may also retard restenosis. We induced neointima formation in C57/BL6 mice by ligation of the left carotid artery. Mice were randomised to daily intraperitoneal injections of either cM7, a small peptide selectively inhibiting the CD40L-Mac-1 interaction, scM7, a scrambled control peptide, or saline for 28 days. Interestingly, cM7-treated mice developed neointima of similar size compared with mice receiving the control peptide or saline as assessed by computer-assisted analysis of histological cross sections. These data demonstrate that the CD40L-Mac-1 interaction is not required for the development of restenosis. In contrast, CD40-deficient mice subjected to carotid ligation in parallel, developed significantly reduced neointimal lesions compared with respective wild-type controls (2872 ± 843 µm² vs 35469 ± 11870 µm²). Flow cytometry in CD40-deficient mice revealed reduced formation of platelet-granulocyte and platelet-inflammatory monocyte- aggregates. In vitro, supernatants of CD40-deficient platelet-leukocyte aggregates attenuated proliferation and increased apoptosis of smooth muscle cells. Unlike in the setting of atherosclerosis, CD40L mediates neointima formation via its classic receptor CD40 rather than via its recently described novel interaction with Mac-1. Therefore, selective targeting of CD40L-Mac-1 binding does not appear to be a favorable strategy to fight restenosis.


Assuntos
Antígenos CD40/metabolismo , Ligante de CD40/antagonistas & inibidores , Artérias Carótidas/efeitos dos fármacos , Estenose das Carótidas/prevenção & controle , Antígeno de Macrófago 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Neointima , Oligopeptídeos/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Apoptose , Antígenos CD40/imunologia , Ligante de CD40/genética , Ligante de CD40/imunologia , Ligante de CD40/metabolismo , Artérias Carótidas/imunologia , Artérias Carótidas/metabolismo , Artérias Carótidas/patologia , Estenose das Carótidas/imunologia , Estenose das Carótidas/metabolismo , Estenose das Carótidas/patologia , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Migração e Rolagem de Leucócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Antígeno de Macrófago 1/imunologia , Antígeno de Macrófago 1/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Músculo Liso Vascular/patologia , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/metabolismo , Miócitos de Músculo Liso/patologia , Ativação Plaquetária/efeitos dos fármacos , Recidiva
5.
Pathologe ; 34(1): 9-15, 2013 Feb.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23322303

RESUMO

The increase in density of information available in relation to patients and research participants, in particular in the context of genetic diagnostics and analysis, results in an increased potential for uncovering details which were unexpected but are of particular significance for the patient. Deciding how this information is dealt with and who is entitled to receive this information, is a medicolegal and ethical balancing act. Incidental findings and the challenges posed by the advent of personalised medicine are but two areas which increasingly impact medical disciplines that do not conventionally work directly with patients. Both areas raise questions of what is legally required and morally necessary. The authors briefly sketch these two areas and the medicolegal and ethical implications for diagnostics and research in pathology.


Assuntos
Pesquisa Biomédica/ética , Pesquisa Biomédica/legislação & jurisprudência , Confidencialidade/ética , Confidencialidade/legislação & jurisprudência , Ética Médica , Achados Incidentais , Patologia Molecular/ética , Patologia Molecular/legislação & jurisprudência , Patologia/ética , Patologia/legislação & jurisprudência , Adulto , Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Criança , Educação Médica Continuada/ética , Educação Médica Continuada/legislação & jurisprudência , Feminino , Privacidade Genética/ética , Privacidade Genética/legislação & jurisprudência , Testes Genéticos/ética , Testes Genéticos/legislação & jurisprudência , Alemanha , Humanos , Masculino , Imperícia/legislação & jurisprudência , Princípios Morais , Defesa do Paciente/ética , Defesa do Paciente/legislação & jurisprudência , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/ética , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/legislação & jurisprudência , Autonomia Pessoal , Farmacogenética , Medicina de Precisão/ética , Medição de Risco , Revelação da Verdade/ética
6.
Nucleic Acids Symp Ser ; (7): 39-60, 1980.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7255176

RESUMO

In a brief summary the improvements introduced during synthesis of a minigene coding for the peptide hormone angiotensin II are outlined. Furthermore some recent improvements are reviewed: comprehensive study of N-protecting groups for the heterocyclic bases, effective 3'-O-phosphorylation using phosphomonochloridates and molecular sieves, a quick and mild detritylation procedure without any depurination using ZnBr2, a convenient tritylation method using molecular sieves, introduction of a sugar spray reagent for a simpler interpretation of tlc, an improved two-step-one-flask procedure for the synthesis of fully protected triester intermediates, an introduction of new phosphate protecting groups removable by beta-elimination in homogeneous phase, synthesis of the internucleotidic phosphotriester linkage using phosphomonoazolide derivatives of deoxynucleosides, versatile methods for anchoring nucleosides to a polymer support and a computerized nucleic acid synthesizer.


Assuntos
DNA/síntese química , Genes , Angiotensina II/genética , Sequência de Bases , Colífagos/genética , Código Genético , Humanos , Indicadores e Reagentes , Métodos , Oligodesoxirribonucleotídeos/síntese química , Óperon
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