[Early and late complications of hyperglycemic extremely low birth-weight infants]. / Az extrém alacsony születési súlyú koraszülöttek hyperglykaemiájának korai és késoi szövodményei.

Introduction: During recent decades, the perinatal mortality of extremely low-birth weight infants has decreased. An important task is to recognize complications of prematurity. Aim: We made an attempt to explore the relationship between complications of prematurity and neonatal hyperglycemia. Method: From 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2017, 188 infants with birth weight below 1000 g were admitted. For each infant, the frequencies of hyperglycemia (blood glucose >8.5 mmol/l), retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were determined. Animal studies were performed in Sprague Dawley rats. Hyperglycemia was achieved by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (100 mg/kg). On the 7th day of life, aorta sections were prepared and stained with hematoxylin eosin. Wall thickness was measured using QCapture Pro 7 image analysis software. Results: The mean ± SD gestational age and birth weight were 27.1 ± 2.2 weeks and 814.9 ± 151.9 g; 33 infants (17.5%) died. Hyperglycemia was confirmed in 62 cases (32.9%), and insulin treatment was given to 43 infants (22.8%). The gestational age and birth weight of the hyperglycemic infants were significantly lower (p<0.001), the incidence of severe retinopathy (p = 0.012) and the mortality of insulin-treated patients were higher (p = 0.02) than in normoglycemic infants. Among survivors (n = 155), we found by logistic regression analysis that hyperglycemia was a risk factor for severe retinopathy (p<0.001). In the rat model, neonatal hyperglycemia caused significant thickening of the aortic wall. Conclusion: Our studies indicate that hyperglycemia is common in extremely low birth-weight infants. Monitoring of these infants for retinopathy of prematurity, kidney dysfunction, and hypertension is recommended. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(32): 1270-1278.

Reading Disability Spectrum: Early and Late Recognition, Subthreshold, and Full Comorbidity.

Several studies have reported high comorbidity for reading disability (RD) and psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the comorbidity of subthreshold and full psychiatric disorders with RD while comparing subgroups based on age of RD recognition (early vs. late). We analyzed data from 130 children with RD and 82 typically developing children aged 7 to 18 years. RD was assessed with the Dyslexia Differential Diagnosis Maastricht-Hungarian Standard Test. Psychiatric diagnoses were based on the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Kid. Chi-square tests were used for group comparisons of the prevalence of subthreshold and full disorders. A higher proportion of children in the RD group were assessed as having internalizing or externalizing disorders. When subthreshold and full diagnoses were considered together, the prevalence of internalizing but not externalizing pathology was higher in the RD group than the control group. The prevalence of internalizing pathology was similar in the early and late RD subgroups, but externalizing pathology was more common in the late RD subgroup. When subthreshold and full diagnoses were considered together, mood disorder and externalizing pathology were more prevalent in the late RD subgroup than the early RD subgroup. This study demonstrated that early recognition of RD may play a role in determining comorbid psychopathology and should therefore be an educational and clinical priority. Clinicians should routinely screen children with RD for comorbid disorders, including subthreshold pathology.