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1.
Geriatrics (Basel) ; 9(3)2024 May 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38920424

RESUMO

This study investigated the relationship between subjective grip strength and physical function in community-dwelling older women. Subjective grip strength was assessed using a questionnaire, and physical function and body composition were compared between groups with strong and weak subjective grip strength. Additionally, the two groups were compared in those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and those with normal cognitive function, respectively. The results showed significant differences in grip strength (p < 0.001), 30 s chair-stand (CS-30) test (p = 0.039), timed up-and-go (TUG) test (p = 0.027), maximal gait speed (p = 0.029), and skeletal muscle mass (p < 0.001). Older adults with normal cognitive function showed significant differences in grip strength (p < 0.001), quadriceps muscle strength (p < 0.009), one-leg standing time (p = 0.041), CS-30 (p = 0.002), TUG (p = 0.014), gait speed (p = 0.006), and skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.003). Older adults with low subjective grip strength had lower physical function and skeletal muscle mass. However, no items showed significant differences between groups among older adults with MCI. Thus, subjective grip strength is an indicator of an overall decline in physical function and a reduction in skeletal muscle mass in older adults, and cognitive function should be considered when assessing subjective grip strength in older adults.

2.
Physiother Theory Pract ; : 1-6, 2024 Jun 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38847156

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The 30-s chair stand test (CS-30) is a well-known measure of muscle strength in older adults. However, factors other than muscle strength may also be involved in older adults with chronic health conditions who require support and care in daily living. PURPOSE: To test the hypothesis that the CS-30 in older adults with chronic health conditions is associated with lower limb muscle oxygen extraction capacity. METHODS: Twenty-seven older adults with chronic health conditions (those who needed support and care in daily living because of stroke, musculoskeletal disease, etc.) were recruited. Tissue and percutaneous oxygen saturations of the right vastus lateralis muscle were measured during CS-30 measurements, and muscle oxygen extraction rate (MOER) was calculated. Knee extension strength, skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and phase angle (PhA) were measured. In a multiple regression analysis with CS-30 as the dependent variable, results were calculated for model 1 with SMI, PhA, and ΔMOER as independent variables and model 2 with knee extension muscle strength added to model 1. RESULTS: Phase angle (model 1, ß = 0.46, p = .014; model 2, ß = 0.46, p = .016) and ΔMOER (model 1, ß = 0.39, p = .032; model 2, ß = 0.40, p = .039) were significantly associated in both models. Adjusted R2 was 0.26 (Model 1) and 0.23 (Model 2). CONCLUSION: The CS-30 in older adults with chronic health conditions may be related to muscle oxygen extraction capacity. This indicates that CS-30 also considers lower limb endurance assessment in this population.

3.
J Phys Ther Sci ; 36(5): 273-277, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38694018

RESUMO

[Purpose] In older adults, the risk of aspiration pneumonia increases because of coexisting factors such as age-related decline in swallowing function, inefficient cough, reduced respiratory function, and poor physical performance. This study aimed to investigate the differences in cough strength, respiratory function, and physical performance in community-dwelling ambulatory older adults with and without low swallowing function. [Participants and Methods] In 225 community-dwelling ambulatory older adults, swallowing function (the repetitive saliva swallowing test, RSST), cough strength (peak cough flow), lung function (forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity), respiratory muscle strength (maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures), and physical performance (30-second chair stand test and Timed Up and Go test) were evaluated. Participants with low swallowing function in RSST (low RSST group) were compared to age- and sex-matched participants without low swallowing function (control group). [Results] Peak cough flow and maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressures were significantly lower in the low RSST group (n=14) than the control group (n=14). [Conclusion] These preliminary results suggest that community-dwelling ambulatory older adults with low swallowing function in RSST might have lower cough and respiratory muscle strength, even if they have relatively preserved lung function and physical performance.

4.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 11(18)2023 Sep 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37761739

RESUMO

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with a high risk of dementia. Reportedly, 54.6% of older adults with MCI fall into the pre-frailty category. However, it is unclear what differences exist in older adults with regard to their physical, psychological, and functional capacities, which depend on MCI, pre-frailty, or a combination of the two. This study aimed to examine the differences between the association between physical function, psychological function, and functional capacity by examining a combination of MCI and pre-frailty among community-dwelling older Japanese individuals. The participants in the analysis were 236 older people living in the community. They were classified into four groups, as follows: normal, MCI only, pre-frailty only, and pre-frailty/MCI; furthermore, their physical, psychological, and functional capacities were compared. In addition, a multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed using MCI and pre-frailty as dependent variables. No associated factors were identified for MCI only, and a depressive mood was only associated with pre-frailty. When pre-frailty and MCI were combined, knee extension muscle strength, fastest gait speed, the s30 s chair stand test, depressed moods, and the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were correlated. Our results suggest that when MCI and pre-frailty are combined, declines in both physical and psychological functions and IADL are likely to occur.

5.
Clin Med Insights Circ Respir Pulm Med ; 16: 11795484221146374, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36579140

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is accompanied by dyspnea on exertion due to airflow limitation caused by bronchial stenosis, with afflicted patients being less physically active. Therefore, physical activity is important for disease management. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the relationships of walking and non-walking physical activities with cognitive function or physical characteristics of patients with mild COPD in a community without respiratory rehabilitation. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. DATA SOURCES AND METHODS: We included 40 male patients (mean age, 75.7 ± 6.7 years) with stable mild COPD. A three-axis accelerometer was used to evaluate walking and non-walking physical activities in daily life. Cognition, respiratory function, skeletal muscle mass, limb muscle strength, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life were assessed. RESULTS: Regarding daily exercise amount (metabolic equivalents × hours; Ex), 87.5% of the participants had walking activities of 0-2 Ex, while 67.5% had non-walking activities of 1-3 Ex. Walking activity was significantly correlated with cognitive function (P < .05), walking distance (P < .01), and health-related quality of life (P < .05), but not with muscle mass. However, non-walking activity was significantly correlated with the body mass index (P < .05), muscle mass (P < .05), and walking distance (P < .01), but not with cognitive function. Moreover, the relationship between non-walking activity and health-related quality of life was weaker than the corresponding relationship with walking activity. CONCLUSION: In patients with mild COPD, walking and non-walking physical activities showed different relationships with cognitive function and physical characteristics. The findings suggest that self-management of such patients requires maintenance of both walking and non-walking activities in a balanced manner.

6.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 10(10)2022 Sep 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36292352

RESUMO

Age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass and function are risk factors for reduced walking ability. This study aimed to understand the characteristic gait parameters of presarcopenia (low muscle mass only), dynapenia (low muscle function only), and sarcopenia (low muscle mass and function), which have differing skeletal muscle characteristics. Skeletal muscle mass, grip strength, and gait parameters (walking speed, cadence, step length, step width, gait angle, foot angle, stance time, swing time, and double stance time) were evaluated in 307 older Japanese women. Low muscle function was determined by grip strength and normal walking speed. Participants were assessed and divided into the normal (60.9%, n = 187), presarcopenia (25.7%, n = 79), dynapenia (5.2%, n = 16), and sarcopenia (8.1%, n = 25) groups. When compared to the normal group, the sarcopenia group had significantly slower walking speed and shorter step length (p < 0.05); the dynapenia group had significantly slower walking speed, smaller cadence, shorter step length, wider step width, and longer stance time (p < 0.05); and the presarcopenia group showed no differences. Skeletal muscle function may therefore be more strongly related to reduced walking function in older adults than body composition factors. The decrease in walking function was most pronounced in older women with dynapenia.

7.
Geriatrics (Basel) ; 7(5)2022 Sep 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36136807

RESUMO

A decline in physical function is common among elderly people who have lost both bone and muscle mass. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between low bone and muscle mass and physical function in elderly women of different age groups who exercise regularly. The analysis included 299 elderly women. Low bone mass was determined by a T-score of −2.5 or less, and low muscle mass was determined by a skeletal muscle mass index of <5.7 kg/m2. Physical function was measured by grip strength, knee extension strength, standing ability, gait function, and balance function. The participants were divided into four groups based on bone and muscle mass (healthy, low bone mass, low muscle mass, and low bone and muscle mass groups), and their physical functions were compared. There were no statistically significant differences in physical function between the low bone and muscle mass and the healthy groups. There were also no statistically significant differences in physical function among the four groups in the late elderly stage (75 and older). Elderly women who exercise regularly are less likely to experience a decline in physical function, even if they have reduced bone and muscle mass.

8.
J Bodyw Mov Ther ; 31: 164-168, 2022 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35710216

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the reliability of muscle thickness (MT) and echo intensity (EI) of the quadriceps muscles using ultrasound imaging for a novice examiner. METHODS: Sixteen healthy adult women were included in the study, and images of the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis were obtained on the same day and after one week by an examiner who had not performed an experiment on the measurement of ultrasound imaging. The measurers who analyzed all images were completely blind to the subject's name and date and order of measurements. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used as relative within-day and between-day reliability of measurement. Absolute reliability was based on Bland-Altman analysis, standard error of measurement, and minimum detectable change. RESULTS: The ICCs ranged from 0.76 to 0.95. As the results of the Bland-Altman analysis, all MTs and EIs included 0 in the 95% confidence interval of the mean difference. DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that quadriceps ultrasound images have high reliability for MT and EI for all muscles. There were no systematic errors in both MT and EI. CONCLUSION: It might indicate that even novice examiners could obtain MT and EI measurements without systematic error after a few hours of practice.


Assuntos
Músculo Quadríceps , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Músculo Quadríceps/diagnóstico por imagem , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Ultrassonografia/métodos
9.
Cureus ; 14(4): e24260, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35607534

RESUMO

Skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength are positively correlated, but the relationship between grip strength and global muscle strength is controversial. This study aimed to clarify the changes in site-specific skeletal muscle mass by age group and determine the relationship between site-specific, age-related changes in skeletal muscle mass and physical function in community-dwelling elderly people in Japan. The participants were divided into age groups of five-year intervals (65-69 years, 70-74 years, 75-79 years, and ≥80 years) and were also categorized by sex. The skeletal muscle mass of the upper limbs, lower limbs, and trunk was measured using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analyzers (InBody 430 (Biospace Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) and InBody 470 (InBody Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan)). For physical function assessment, we measured grip strength, quadriceps strength, sit-up count, sit-and-reach distance, and standing time on one leg with eyes open and performed the timed up and go (TUG) test. The results showed that skeletal muscle mass decreased with age regardless of sex at all measured sites. Furthermore, a partial correlation analysis adjusted for age, physical constitution, and the presence/absence of exercise habits revealed that the highest correlation was between skeletal muscle mass in all sites and grip strength. Thus, monitoring grip strength may be used as a representative of systemic skeletal mass even in Japanese people.

10.
Lung ; 200(1): 49-57, 2022 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35050397

RESUMO

PURPOSE: While the need for preventive strategies to reduce the incidence of aspiration pneumonia has been indicated, it is also important to investigate effective training methods to improve cough function, which is associated with the development of aspiration pneumonia. This study aimed to investigate whether a 4-week home-based unsupervised cough training (CT) or inspiratory muscle training (IMT) program was effective in improving cough strength in older adults. METHODS: Fifty-three ambulatory older adults without airflow limitations were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a CT group (n = 18), an IMT group (n = 18), or a control group (n = 17). The CT and IMT groups performed home-based unsupervised training with a device for 4 weeks. Cough strength (cough peak flow), forced vital capacity, and respiratory muscle strength were assessed at the 4-week and 16-week follow-up. Intention-to-treat analyses were performed to investigate differences between the three groups using linear mixed models. RESULTS: At the 4-week follow-up, the CT group showed significant increases in cough peak flow and forced vital capacity compared with the control group, while the IMT group showed significant increases in inspiratory muscle strength compared with the cough training and control groups. At the 16-week follow-up, the CT group showed a significant increase in cough peak flow compared with the IMT group. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results suggest that a 4-week home-based CT program may have short-term effectiveness in improving cough peak flow in ambulatory older adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This trial was registered on UMIN-CTR on 01/05/2018 (UMIN000031656).


Assuntos
Exercícios Respiratórios , Tosse , Idoso , Exercícios Respiratórios/métodos , Tosse/terapia , Humanos , Força Muscular/fisiologia , Músculos Respiratórios , Capacidade Vital
11.
SAGE Open Med ; 9: 20503121211064716, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34917386

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Research on the determinants of physical activity in mildly symptomatic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is lacking. This study examined the predictors of physical activity in patients with low-risk chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS: A total of 41 male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease belonging to Group A of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease were included. Regarding the objective index, the physical activity (number of steps/day and the amount of Ex (metabolic equivalent × hours)/day) of the participants was measured with a tri-axis accelerometer. In addition, regarding the evaluation index, respiratory function and dynamic lung hyperinflation were measured by a spirometer, skeletal muscle mass was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis, skeletal muscle strength (grip and lower limb muscle strength) was measured using a dynamometer, exercise capacity was measured by the incremental shuttle walking test, and health-related quality of life was measured. RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between the number of steps per day and age (ρ = -0.501, p < 0.01), forced vital capacity predictive values (ρ = 0.381, p < 0.05), dynamic lung hyperinflation (ρ = 0.454, p < 0.01), grip strength (ρ = 0.318, p < 0.05), and walking distance in incremental shuttle walking test (ρ = 0.779, p < 0.01), but not skeletal muscle mass, lower limb muscle strength, or health-related quality of life. A multiple-regression analysis with the number of steps per day as the dependent variable extracted only walking distance in incremental shuttle walking test, yielding a moderate single-regression equation (steps/day = -934.909 + 11.052 × walking distance in incremental shuttle walking test, adjusted R2 = 0.548, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: It was suggested that the amount of physical activity of patients with low-risk chronic obstructive pulmonary disease could be predicted by walking distance in incremental shuttle walking test.

12.
Geriatrics (Basel) ; 6(4)2021 Oct 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34842734

RESUMO

In Asia, including Japan, dementia incidence peaks in older adults over ≥75 years; it is therefore important to detect mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and prevent its onset in this age group. Our study hypothesized that physical and psychological status would be associated with MCI incidence among community-dwelling people aged 75 years and older. The study population comprised 291 such individuals. Participants with a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 28 or more were considered non-MCI, and those with a score of less than 28 and greater than 24 were considered to have MCI. Several other measures were also evaluated, including information about their current medical visits due to diseases, depressive symptom severity, various physical functions (trunk function, 30 s chair-stand test, one-legged stance test, timed up and go test time, 5 m walking time, grip strength, knee-extension strength, and toe-grip strength), and body composition (body fat and skeletal muscle mass). Participants suspected of having MCI had significantly shorter educational histories, higher rates of medical visits due to hypertension, and poorer balance abilities. The results suggest that these indices can be considered screening indicators for detecting MCI in people aged 75 years and older, which may be useful for planning intervention programs for this population.

13.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 17411, 2021 08 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34465800

RESUMO

Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is associated with an increased mortality rate; however, its characteristics have not been clearly identified in Japan. This cross-sectional study of community-dwelling older adults compared physical function between people with PRISm and those with no respiratory issues, from 2014 to 2019. We collected demographic data through interviews and measured respiratory and physical functions. We included 668 older adults (male, 23.5%; mean age, 72.8 ± 5.6 years); the prevalence of PRISm was 12%, while the prevalence of obstruction was 6.9%. Propensity score matching was used to identify control subjects with normal spirometry (n = 80) while minimizing the effects of confounders during comparisons with the PRISm population (n = 80). Compared with community-dwelling older adults with normal lung capacity, older adults with PRISm had a lower forced vital capacity (%FVC; 68.7 ± 9.1% vs. 92.5 ± 12.7%, p < 0.001), lower core muscle endurance (sit-up test: 6.7 ± 5.8 vs. 8.7 ± 6.0, p = 0.032), and a longer one-leg stance duration (52.4 ± 41.1 s vs. 36.4 ± 34.1 s, p = 0.008). In multivariable logistic regression, %FVC and increased one-leg stance were independent predictors of PRISm status. The prevalence of PRISm among community-dwelling elderly Japanese exceeds that of obstructive lung disease and is associated with reduced %FVC and better performance on balance testing.


Assuntos
Vida Independente/estatística & dados numéricos , Pulmão/fisiopatologia , Desempenho Físico Funcional , Espirometria/métodos , Capacidade Vital , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
14.
J Phys Ther Sci ; 33(6): 480-488, 2021 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34177112

RESUMO

[Purpose] A strong correlation exists between low physical activity and the prognosis of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The interaction between psychological factors and low physical activity remains unclear in patients with COPD. Here, we investigated the impact of the health locus of control (HLOC) on the response to an education program in patients with COPD. [Participants and Methods] We assessed the physical activities and HLOC in participants with COPD before and after a five-month education program. We assessed physical activity using the Japanese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). We evaluated the HLOC using the Japanese version of the HLOC scales. We provided an identical educational program to all participants after the initial evaluation. [Results] The total activity and walking scores were significantly elevated after the intervention. We observed a significant negative correlation between the IPAQ Total score after the intervention and the supernatural HLOC. We also observed significant negative correlations between the IPAQ Vigorous score after the intervention and Family HLOC and Chance HLOC. [Conclusion] The response of patients with COPD to self-care educational programs was influenced by the HLOC.

15.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 9(1)2021 Jan 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33419024

RESUMO

This study's objective was to examine the characteristics of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presenting with various exercise tolerance levels. A total of 235 patients with stable COPD were classified into 4 groups: (1) LoFlo + HiEx-patients with a six-minute walking distance (6MWD) ≥350 m and percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (%FEV1.0) <50%; (2) HiFlo + HiEx-patients with a 6MWD ≥350 m and a %FEV1.0 ≥50%; (3) LoFlo + LoEx-patients with a 6MWD < 350 m and %FEV1.0 < 50%; and (4) HiFlo + LoEx-patients with a 6MWD <350 m and %FEV1.0 ≥ 50%. Aspects of physical ability in the HiFlo + LoEx group were significantly lower than those in the HiFlo + HiEx group. The HiFlo + LoEx group was characterized by a history of hospitalization for respiratory illness within the past year, treatment with at-home oxygen therapy, and lacking daily exercise habits. Following three months of pulmonary rehabilitation, the LoFlo + HiEx group significantly improved in the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea score, maximum gait speed, and 6MWD, while the HiFlo + LoEx group significantly improved in the percentage of maximal expiratory pressure, maximum gait speed, 6MWD, incremental shuttle walking distance, and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire score. The HiFlo + LoEx group had the greatest effect of three-month pulmonary rehabilitation compared to other groups.

16.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 8(4)2020 Dec 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33339302

RESUMO

Few studies have examined the effects of health literacy on people at risk of developing dementia; its effects on the pathogenesis of subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are particularly unclear. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between health literacy and SCD in a population of healthy community-dwelling older adults. SCD status was assessed using the Cognitive Function domain of the Kihon Checklist (KCL-CF). Health literacy, in turn, was evaluated using the Communicative and Critical Health Literacy (CCHL) scale. Global cognitive function and depressive symptoms were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a five-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5), respectively. Participants who were suspected of having SCD were significantly older than their non-SCD peers, and scored significantly worse on the CCHL, MMSE, and GDS-5. In addition, SCD status was found to be associated with CCHL and GDS-5 scores, as well as age, according to a logistic regression analysis. These findings suggest that low health literacy is linked to SCD morbidity in healthy community-dwelling older adults and should prove useful in the planning of dementia prevention and intervention programs for this population.

17.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 8(4)2020 Sep 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32998262

RESUMO

The association between gait speed, a vital health outcome in older adults, and health literacy, an important health promotion aspect, is unclear. This study examined the relationship of gait speed with health literacy, physical function, and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults. The subjects were 240 older adults (52 men, mean age 73.8 ± 6.0 years). Gender, age, and education were self-reported, while height and weight were measured directly. Health literacy was evaluated using Communicative and Critical Health Literacy (CCHL). Grip strength, knee extension strength, toe-grip strength, sit-up test, sit-and-reach test, one-leg stance test time, 30-s chair-stand test (CS-30), and normal gait speed were measured. Subjects were divided into two groups based on normal gait speed-fast (speed ≥ 1.3 m/s) and slow (<1.3 m/s). In the logistic regression analysis, the dependent variable was normal gait speed (fast/slow). Four logistic regression models were utilized to determine whether health literacy affects gait speed. Height and CCHL were found to independently affect gait speed. That health literacy influences gait speed is a new discovery.

18.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 8(3)2020 Sep 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32947889

RESUMO

This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance among community-dwelling older women. Data were collected from 306 older adults, and the data of 214 older women were included in the final analysis. Participants' calcaneus bone mass was measured using ultrasonography. Based on their T-scores, participants were divided into the following three groups: normal (T-score > -1), low (-2.5 < T-score ≤ -1), and very low (T-score ≤ -2.5) bone mass. Further, participants' skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength (grip and knee extension strength), and physical performance [gait speed and timed up and go (TUG)] were measured. Arm skeletal muscle index (SMI, skeletal muscle mass/height2), leg SMI, and appendicular SMI in the very low bone mass group were low compared to those of the low bone mass group (p = 0.034, p = 0.011, and p = 0.009, respectively). Grip and knee extension strength, gait speed, and TUG were not significantly different between the groups. These findings suggest that older women with low bone density had decreased skeletal muscle mass. Therefore, maintaining or improving skeletal muscle mass may prevent low bone mass.

19.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 8(3)2020 Sep 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32962150

RESUMO

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is complex and not well understood, especially among Japanese people. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the relationships of subjective and objective mental and physical function with SCD among older community-dwelling Japanese adults. SCD was evaluated using the Kihon Checklist: Cognitive Function. Other parameters were evaluated using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the five-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-5), for an objective mental function other than SCD. A timed up-and-go test (TUG) and knee extension strength were used to test objective physical function, and the Mental Component Summary (MCS) and Physical Component Summary (PCS) in the Health-Related Quality of Life survey eight-item short form (SF-8) were used for subjective mental and physical functions. The results of the MMSE, GDS-5, TUG, knee extension strength, and MCS were significantly worse in the SCD group. In addition, logistic regression analysis showed that GDS-5 and MCS were associated with SCD onset. Depressive symptoms and decreased subjective mental function contribute to SCD among community-dwelling Japanese adults. These findings will be useful for planning dementia prevention and intervention programs for older Japanese adults.

20.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 8(2)2020 May 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32481571

RESUMO

Studies involving the 30 second chair-stand test (CS-30) have shown that subjects' movements can vary during the test, and that these variations may follow several patterns. The present study aimed to define these different patterns and their respective incidences among a population of community-dwelling older adults in Japan. We also investigated, among the patterns identified, potential associations with physical and mental characteristics. The study population comprised 202 community-dwelling older adults. Subjects were classified into four groups based on how their CS-30 performance (defined through sit-stand-sit cycle count) changed over three successive 10 second segments: "steady-goers," "fluctuators," "decelerators," and "accelerators." Several other measures were also evaluated, including sit-up count, knee-extension strength, toe-grip strength, and Mini-Mental State Examination score. We found that steady-goers and decelerators comprised 70% of the sample. Fluctuators and steady-goers showed comparable physical function. Decelerators exhibited significant correlations between CS-30 score (total cycles) and tasks involving persistence and repetitive actions (p < 0.05). In addition, accelerators showed significantly stronger knee extension than steady-goers (p < 0.01). Differences in temporal patterns of CS-30 performance corresponded to differences in certain dimensions of physical and mental function. Our findings may be useful for planning and evaluating intervention programs aimed at long-term-care prevention among community-dwelling older adults.

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