Assuntos
Acetiltransferases/genética , Bacillus subtilis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Espermina/metabolismo , Acetiltransferases/metabolismo , Bacillus subtilis/enzimologia , Bacillus subtilis/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura/química , Regulação Bacteriana da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Poliaminas/química , Poliaminas/metabolismo , Poliaminas/farmacologia , Alimentos de Soja/microbiologiaRESUMO
Polyamines have beneficial properties to prevent aging-associated diseases. Raw soybean has relatively high polyamine contents; and the fermented soybean natto is a good source of polyamines. However, detailed information of diversity of polyamine content in raw soybean is lacking. The objectives of this study were to evaluate differences of polyamines among raw soybeans and select the high polyamine-containing cultivar for natto production. Polyamine contents were measured chromatographically in 16 samples of soybean, which showed high variation among soybeans as follows: 93-861 nmol/g putrescine, 1055-2306 nmol/g spermidine, and 177-578 nmol/g spermine. We then confirmed the high correlations of polyamine contents between raw soybean and natto (r = 0.96, 0.95, and 0.94 for putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, respectively). Furthermore, comparison of the polyamine contents among 9 Japanese cultivars showed that 'Nakasen-nari' has the highest polyamine contents, suggesting its suitability for enhancement of polyamine contents of natto.
Assuntos
Glycine max/química , Glycine max/genética , Poliaminas/análise , Alimentos de Soja/análise , Bacillus subtilis/fisiologia , Análise de Alimentos , Japão , Alimentos de Soja/microbiologiaRESUMO
Autophagy is the intracellular bulk degradation process to eliminate damaged cellular machinery and to recycle building blocks, and is crucial for cell survival and cell death. Amino acids modulate autophagy in response to nutrient starvation and oxidative stress. We investigated the relevance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production on the regulation of autophagy using amino acids, both as a mixture and individually, in rat hepatoma H4-II-E cells. Nutrient starvation elevated ROS production and stimulated autophagy. Treatment with complete (CAA), regulatory (RegAA) and non-regulatory (NonRegAA) amino acid mixtures showed significant suppression of ROS production, whereas only CAA and RegAA exhibited significant suppression of autophagy, suggesting a dissociation of the two responses. The effects of individual amino acids were examined. Leucine from RegAA decreased ROS production and suppressed autophagy. However, methionine and proline from RegAA and arginine, cystine and glutamic acid from NonRegAA suppressed autophagy with an opposite increase in ROS production. Other amino acids from the NonRegAA group showed stimulating effects on ROS production without an autophagic response. Arginine's effect on autophagy suppression was not blocked by rapamycin, indicating an mTOR-independent pathway. Inhibitor studies on arginine-regulated autophagy may indicate the involvement of NO pathway, which is independent from ROS and mTOR pathways.