Methods and operational aspects of human-centred design into research processes for individuals with multiple chronic conditions: A survey study.

AIM: To examine ways in which human-centred design was integrated into a nursing school's research processes involving individuals with multiple chronic conditions. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey study. METHODS: Three surveys were sent out, with surveys 1 and 2 involving faculty who had worked closely with design strategists and survey 3 as a school-wide survey eliciting experience with human-centred design, respectively. RESULTS: Survey respondents (n = 7 for surveys 1 and 2 and n = 36 for survey 3) had no or minimal experience with human-centred design. Faculty respondents indicated it helped engaging various stakeholders, particularly in intervention development. Key lessons learned included: (1) the importance of designer involvement from study conception, (2) distinguishing a design strategist's skillset from strictly visual design, (3) challenges during the ethical review processes, and (4) sustainability of resources. The dynamic approach of human-centred design has benefited our efforts to advance the science of caring for individuals with multiple chronic conditions.

Drivers and restrainers to adoption and spread of evidence-based health service delivery interventions: The case of CAPABLE.

CONTEXT: Very few programs improve physical function among older adults and those that do should achieve farther reach. METHODS: We used Force Field Analysis to examine drivers and restrainers for the CAPABLE program to impact the function of older adults throughout the United States. FINDINGS: We found 19 distinct drivers for CAPABLE. These include robust research findings demonstrating clinical and economic utility, expansion from an evidence-based program, grounding in theory, high value to older adults themselves, and common sense approach. A major policy environment shifting towards value-based payment and payer flexibility to experiment with social determinants significantly changed the perception of the program's value by key stakeholders. We found 8 distinct restrainers. CONCLUSIONS: Factors which drive and restrain CAPABLE provide lessons for other programs to move from research to sustainability. Policymakers, payers, and communities should look to proven programs as solutions to improve function for older adults and society.